Difference between revisions of "Arm and Neck Rings"

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{{Rings}}
 
A great number of rings – for the neck, the arm and the finger have been found in areas of Viking occupation. Owen-Crocker states that she thinks that these rings were a more popular form of adornment for Viking women than the wearing of beads [OWEN-CROCKER 2004: p.165] <br>
 
A great number of rings – for the neck, the arm and the finger have been found in areas of Viking occupation. Owen-Crocker states that she thinks that these rings were a more popular form of adornment for Viking women than the wearing of beads [OWEN-CROCKER 2004: p.165] <br>
It does not appear that the wearing of Neck- and arm-rings continued into the 11th century in Scotland. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL and BATEY 1998: p.237]<br>
+
It does not appear that the wearing of Neck- and arm-rings continued into the 11th century in Scotland. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998: p.237]<br>
 
Gold was mainly found as finger rings due to cost<br>
 
Gold was mainly found as finger rings due to cost<br>
  
Line 11: Line 11:
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Solid===
+
===Rod===
 
9th Century southern Scandinavian.<br>
 
9th Century southern Scandinavian.<br>
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
*Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland, Denmark. [ROESDAHL 1992:cat.147]<br>
+
*Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland, Denmark. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.147]<br>
 
'''Discussion'''<br>
 
'''Discussion'''<br>
 
The spiral ring found along side the neck ring found at Illebolle, Langeland, Denmark proves that these rings could be cut up and then worn on the arm.<br>
 
The spiral ring found along side the neck ring found at Illebolle, Langeland, Denmark proves that these rings could be cut up and then worn on the arm.<br>
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Intertwined===
+
===Plaited===
 
Thin intertwined metal strands fabricated from (usually two or three) wires of constant thickness. A number of such metal strands are then laid next to each other to form the major motif of the ring.<br>
 
Thin intertwined metal strands fabricated from (usually two or three) wires of constant thickness. A number of such metal strands are then laid next to each other to form the major motif of the ring.<br>
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
File:Neck Ring Skaill (10).JPG
 
File:Neck Ring Skaill (10).JPG
 
M616.jpg
 
M616.jpg
Line 33: Line 33:
 
===Twisted===
 
===Twisted===
 
The motif is formed from a single twist of wires. In this case the wires are relatively thick and typically constructed with slowly varying thickness.<br>
 
The motif is formed from a single twist of wires. In this case the wires are relatively thick and typically constructed with slowly varying thickness.<br>
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
File:R708.jpg
 
File:R708.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Embellished===
+
===Embellished Twisted===
 
The motif of thick twisted wires is embellished by a thin wire or a thin twisted wire<br>
 
The motif of thick twisted wires is embellished by a thin wire or a thin twisted wire<br>
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
File:R703.jpg
 
File:R703.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
Line 47: Line 47:
 
==Arm rings [V]==
 
==Arm rings [V]==
 
All of the styles used as neck rings are also found in a smaller form as arm rings. These are described above under neck rings<br>
 
All of the styles used as neck rings are also found in a smaller form as arm rings. These are described above under neck rings<br>
===Solid===
+
===Rod===
<gallery>
+
Date:860-1000AD Norway; 950-1000AD Sweden & Denmark; 950-1050AD Gotland.<br>
File:R707.jpg
+
The earliest find of a rod arm ring is from the Norwegian Hon hoard [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4] and dated after c.860 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:p.143 cat.486]. This type of arm ring does not begin to occur commonly in other parts of Scandinavia until after the middle of the 10th century where it becomes common after 975AD in southern Swedish, Gotlandic and Danish hoards. It remains common in Gotlandic hoards well into the 11th century [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4]<br>
File:R709.jpg
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
File:R712.jpg
+
R707.jpg
File:R715.jpg
+
R709.jpg
 +
R712.jpg
 +
M602.jpg
 +
M610.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Intertwined===
+
===Plaited===
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
File:R704.jpg
 
File:R704.jpg
 
File:R706.jpg
 
File:R706.jpg
Line 64: Line 67:
  
 
===Twisted===
 
===Twisted===
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
File:R705.jpg
+
R705.jpg
File:R716.jpg
+
R716.jpg
 +
M615.jpg
 +
M617.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Embellished===
+
===Embellished Twisted===
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
File:R713.jpg
+
R713.jpg
File:R714.jpg
+
R714.jpg
 +
M608.jpg
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Hiberno-Norse – Coiled arm-ring===
 +
880-930AD [SHEEHAN 1992: p.47]<br>
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
*Ireland, 26 finds [SHEEHAN 1992]
 +
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 +
 
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Hiberno-Norse (Scots-Norse) - Ring Money===
 +
950AD to 1065AD<br>
 +
possibly originating in Ireland [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998]
 +
<br>
 +
[SHEEHAN & Ó Corráin 2010, p.25]<br>
 +
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 +
File:Arm Ring - Skaill (25).JPG
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Wire===
 +
Gold armlet from Virginia, Co. Cavan. British Museum. [BOE 1940: p.104]
 +
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 +
M609.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
Line 80: Line 112:
 
Date: C9th<br>
 
Date: C9th<br>
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* Denmark, Rabylille, Sjaelland. Tree of life [ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 145]
+
* Denmark, Rabylille, Sjaelland. Tree of life [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 145]
* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland.[ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 147]
+
* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland.[ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]
 
'''Discussion'''<br>
 
'''Discussion'''<br>
The Illebolle example was found in Denmark with a solid neck ring and two coiled arm rings[ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 147]<br>
+
The Illebolle example was found in Denmark with a solid neck ring and two coiled arm rings[ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]<br>
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
File:Arm Ring from Rabylille, Sjaelland, Denmark.jpg
 
File:Arm Ring from Rabylille, Sjaelland, Denmark.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Danish - Coiled arm-ring===
+
===Band Shaped===
Date: C9th<br>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
'''Archaeology'''<br>
+
File:R711.jpg
* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland. Tree of life [ROESDAHL and WILSON 1992:cat. 147]
+
</gallery>
'''Discussion'''<br>
+
<br>
Made from cut up solid neck rings [ROESDAHL and WILSON 1992:cat. 147].<br>
+
<gallery>
+
  
 +
===Hiberno-Norse – Broad-band===
 +
850-950AD [SHEEHAN 2011:p.94]<br>
 +
Sheehan defines them as consisting of a thick band of silver, decorated with bar-shaped punches, usually with a cross in the expanded central area and again towards the terminals that are usually (but not always) pennanular in shape [SHEEHAN 2011:p.94]. <br> 
 +
A total of 350 finds from the British Isles [SHEEHAN 2011:p.94]. Also found in Denmark and Norway [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & SHEEHAN 1995]<br>
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
*Ireland, 140 finds [SHEEHAN 2011]
 +
*England
 +
**Curdale Hoard (c.905-910AD). 127 finds, consisting of 7 complete, 2 in 2 pieces and 118 fragments. [SHEEHAN 2011:p.95]
 +
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 +
File:R717.jpg
 +
File:R718.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
Line 105: Line 146:
 
*Denmark, Brahesminde, Fyn, Denmark. Silver [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.227]
 
*Denmark, Brahesminde, Fyn, Denmark. Silver [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.227]
 
*Sweden, Birka. Bronze [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.228]
 
*Sweden, Birka. Bronze [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.228]
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
 
R721.jpg
 
R721.jpg
 
M599.jpg
 
M599.jpg
Line 112: Line 153:
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Hiberno-Norse – Broad-band arm-ring===
+
===Massive===
Hiberno-Viking – 850 to 940AD<br>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Also found in Denmark and Norway [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL and SHEEHAN 1995]<br>
+
R715.jpg
<gallery>
+
M597.jpg
File:R711.jpg
+
M598.jpg
File:R717.jpg
+
File:R718.jpg
+
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Hiberno-Norse (Scots-Norse) - Ring Money===
+
===Spiral===
950AD to 1065AD<br>
+
Date: C9th<br>
possibly originating in Ireland [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL and BATEY 1998]
+
Only found in Denmark and Gotland and probably imported from the Bulgar state on the central Volga [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:p.265 cat.147]<br>
<br>
+
[SHEEHAN and Ó Corráin 2010, p.25]<br>
+
<gallery>
+
File:Arm Ring - Skaill (25).JPG
+
</gallery>
+
<br>
+
 
+
===Hiberno-Norse – Coiled arm-ring===
+
880-930AD [SHEEHAN 1992: p.47]<br>
+
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 
'''Archaeology'''<br>
*Ireland, 26 finds [SHEEHAN 1992]
 
<gallery>
 
  
</gallery>
+
* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland. Tree of life [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
I wonder if these cold have been made from the solid rod style of neck ring?<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
===Hiberno-Norse – Lozenge arm-ring===
+
900-950AD [SHEEHAN 1992: p.47]<br>
+
'''Archaeology'''<br>
+
*Ireland, 12 finds [SHEEHAN 1992: p.47]
+
<gallery>
+
 
+
</gallery>
+
<br>
+
 
+
 
+
===Wire arm-ring===
+
 
+
Gold armlet from Virginia, Co. Cavan. British Museum. (BØE 1940, p.104)
+
<gallery>
+
M609.jpg
+
</gallery>
+
<br>
+
 
+
===Swedish – Rod arm-ring===
+
[SHEEHAN 1992]
+
<gallery>
+
 
+
</gallery>
+
<br>
+
 
+
===Swedish - Coiled arm-ring===
+
<gallery>
+
 
M611.jpg
 
M611.jpg
 +
M640.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
 
===Jet===
 
===Jet===
<gallery>
+
<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
Line 179: Line 183:
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 +
{{Ref|Boe 1940}}
 +
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell 1980}}
 +
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell & Sheehan 1995}}
 +
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell & Batey 1998}}
 +
{{Ref|Olsen & Bohr 2010}}
 +
{{Ref|Owen-Crocker 2004}}
 +
{{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}}
 +
{{Ref|Sheenhan 1992}}
 +
{{Ref|Sheehan 2011}}
  
<nocite>
 
BOE1940
 
GRAHAM-CAMPBELL1980
 
GRAHAM-CAMPBELL1995
 
GRAHAM-CAMPBELL1998
 
OLSEN2010
 
OWEN-CROCKER2004
 
ROESDAHL1992
 
SHEEHAN1992
 
</nocite>
 
<biblio force=false>#[[Template:Bib]]</biblio>
 
 
<HarvardReferences />
 
<HarvardReferences />
[[Category:Rings]]
 

Latest revision as of 22:08, 18 February 2017


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Completion Rating
This article's completion rating is 2 out of 5. Article structure and content is subject to change as data is still being collected.
Viking Age Compendium articles on Rings & Pins:
VA Torcs.jpg
Arm and Neck Rings
Viking Age Compendium articles on Rings & Pins:
VA Torcs.jpg
Arm and Neck Rings

A great number of rings – for the neck, the arm and the finger have been found in areas of Viking occupation. Owen-Crocker states that she thinks that these rings were a more popular form of adornment for Viking women than the wearing of beads [OWEN-CROCKER 2004]:p.165
It does not appear that the wearing of Neck- and arm-rings continued into the 11th century in Scotland. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998]:p.237
Gold was mainly found as finger rings due to cost

Neck rings [V]

Literature

  • "The women wear neck rings of gold and silver, one for each 10,000 dirhems which her husband is worth; some women have many." Ibn Fadlan 'Account of the Rus'


Rod

9th Century southern Scandinavian.
Archaeology

Discussion
The spiral ring found along side the neck ring found at Illebolle, Langeland, Denmark proves that these rings could be cut up and then worn on the arm.


Plaited

Thin intertwined metal strands fabricated from (usually two or three) wires of constant thickness. A number of such metal strands are then laid next to each other to form the major motif of the ring.


Twisted

The motif is formed from a single twist of wires. In this case the wires are relatively thick and typically constructed with slowly varying thickness.


Embellished Twisted

The motif of thick twisted wires is embellished by a thin wire or a thin twisted wire


Arm rings [V]

All of the styles used as neck rings are also found in a smaller form as arm rings. These are described above under neck rings

Rod

Date:860-1000AD Norway; 950-1000AD Sweden & Denmark; 950-1050AD Gotland.
The earliest find of a rod arm ring is from the Norwegian Hon hoard [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4] and dated after c.860 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:p.143 cat.486. This type of arm ring does not begin to occur commonly in other parts of Scandinavia until after the middle of the 10th century where it becomes common after 975AD in southern Swedish, Gotlandic and Danish hoards. It remains common in Gotlandic hoards well into the 11th century [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4]


Plaited


Twisted


Embellished Twisted


Hiberno-Norse – Coiled arm-ring

880-930AD [SHEEHAN 1992: p.47]
Archaeology

  • Ireland, 26 finds [SHEEHAN 1992]


Hiberno-Norse (Scots-Norse) - Ring Money

950AD to 1065AD
possibly originating in Ireland [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998]
[SHEEHAN & Ó Corráin 2010, p.25]


Wire

Gold armlet from Virginia, Co. Cavan. British Museum. [BOE 1940]:p.104


Danish - Plate

Date: C9th
Archaeology

Discussion
The Illebolle example was found in Denmark with a solid neck ring and two coiled arm rings[ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992]:cat. 147


Band Shaped


Hiberno-Norse – Broad-band

850-950AD [SHEEHAN 2011]:p.94
Sheehan defines them as consisting of a thick band of silver, decorated with bar-shaped punches, usually with a cross in the expanded central area and again towards the terminals that are usually (but not always) pennanular in shape [SHEEHAN 2011]:p.94.
A total of 350 finds from the British Isles [SHEEHAN 2011]:p.94. Also found in Denmark and Norway [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & SHEEHAN 1995]
Archaeology

  • Ireland, 140 finds [SHEEHAN 2011]
  • England
    • Curdale Hoard (c.905-910AD). 127 finds, consisting of 7 complete, 2 in 2 pieces and 118 fragments. [SHEEHAN 2011]:p.95


Deep Transverse Grooves

The most typical group of Scandinavian arm rings in use from the late Vendel period to the Viking Age [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:cat.227.
Archaeology


Massive


Spiral

Date: C9th
Only found in Denmark and Gotland and probably imported from the Bulgar state on the central Volga [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992]:p.265 cat.147
Archaeology

Discussion
I wonder if these cold have been made from the solid rod style of neck ring?


Jet


References

Bøe, Johanes (1940) Norse Antiquities in Ireland. Edited by Haakon Shetelig. (Available Online) Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland: Part 3 [BOE 1940] ^ *
Graham-Campbell, James (ed.) (1980) Viking Artefacts, A Select Catalogue. British Museum Publications [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980] ^ 1 2 3 4 *
Graham-Campbell, James and Sheehan, John (1995) 'A hoard of Hiberno-Viking arm-rings, probably from Scotland'. pp.771-778. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol.125 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & SHEEHAN 1995] ^ *
Graham-Campbell, James, and Batey, Colleen E. (1998) Vikings in Scotland, an archaeological survey. Edinburgh University Press. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998] ^ 1 2 *
Olson, Kasper and Jakob Bohr. Hidden Beauty in Twisted Neck Tings. 2010. [OLSEN & BOHR 2010] *
Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2004) Dress in Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. The Boydell Press. [OWEN-CROCKER 2004] ^ *
Roesdahl, Else, and Wilson, David M. (eds.) (1992) From Viking to Crusader, The Scandinavians and Europe 800-1200. Nordic Council of Ministers. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992] ^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 *
[SHEENHAN 1992] *
Sheehan, John (2011) 'Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band arm-rings'. In Graham-Campbell, James (2011) The Cuerdale Hoard and Related Viking-age Silver and Gold from Britain and Ireland in the British Museum. British Museum Publication. [SHEEHAN 2011] ^ 1 2 3 4 5 *