Difference between revisions of "Belts (Men)"

From The Viking Age Compendium
Jump to: navigation, search
m (Strap End Typology)
m
Line 17: Line 17:
 
Jansson states that the Eastern style of belts should be worn in a double style at the front. [JANSSON 1986:p.103]
 
Jansson states that the Eastern style of belts should be worn in a double style at the front. [JANSSON 1986:p.103]
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
===... with split ends===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
* York. double thinkness of leather, 45mm wide. Dated to the late C11th. Identified as one end of a sword belt. It has 2 60mm long slits cut into the belt towards its end. [Mould 2003:p.3367 cat.15611 fig.1691]
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
Mould repeats the theory that this kind of belt originated in Scandinavia or Germany during the C10th. Oakshott says that this kind of belt was popular in England during the 12th and 13th centuries.
 +
[Mould 2003:p.3367] [OAKSHOTT 1994: fig.119]
  
 
==Cloth Ties==
 
==Cloth Ties==
Line 33: Line 40:
 
}}
 
}}
  
== Buckles ==
 
 
=== Possible uses other than on belts ===
 
Baldrics<br>
 
Spurs<br>
 
Pouches<br>
 
Garters<br>
 
  
 
==Strap Ends==
 
==Strap Ends==
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
[[File:Strap_Ends.png|Thumb|130x150px|Right|alt=Strap Ends]]
 
[[File:Strap_Ends.png|Thumb|130x150px|Right|alt=Strap Ends]]
 +
 +
===Long hanging strap ends===
 +
'''Art'''<br>
 +
* BL Harley 2886 1000-1100AD France
  
 
===Strap End Typology===
 
===Strap End Typology===
 
The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research  
 
The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research  
  
{| class="wikitable"
+
{| class="wikitable" style="Text-align: center; "
 
<!--|+ Thomas Typology of Anglo-Saxon Strap Ends-->
 
<!--|+ Thomas Typology of Anglo-Saxon Strap Ends-->
! scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center; "|Class
+
! scope="col" width="80" |Class
! scope="col" width="150" style="text-align: center;"|Avg. Length (mm)
+
! scope="col" width="150" |Avg. Length (mm)
! scope="col" width="150" style="text-align: center;"|Avg. Width (mm)
+
! scope="col" width="150" |Avg. Width (mm)
! scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center; "|% of finds
+
! scope="col" width="80" |% of finds
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|A  
+
<!--Class-->| A  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|42.3
+
<!--Len-->|  42.3
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|12.2
+
<!--Wid-->|  12.2
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|63
+
<!--%-->|    63
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|B  
+
<!--Class-->| B  
<!--Len-->|   style="text-align: center;"|43.6
+
<!--Len-->| 43.6
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|9.5
+
<!--Wid-->|  9.5
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|C  
+
<!--Class-->| C  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|44.4
+
<!--Len-->|  44.4
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|4.3
+
<!--Wid-->|  4.3
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|D  
+
<!--Class-->| D  
<!--Len-->|   style="text-align: center;"|47.9
+
<!--Len-->| 47.9
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|8.8
+
<!--Wid-->|  8.8
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|E  
+
<!--Class-->| E  
<!--Len-->|   style="text-align: center;"|43.5
+
<!--Len-->| 43.5
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|20.6
+
<!--Wid-->|  20.6
<!--%-->|     style="text-align: center;"|16
+
<!--%-->|   16
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|F  
+
<!--Class-->| F  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|47.5
+
<!--Len-->|  47.5
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|12.6
+
<!--Wid-->|  12.6
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|G  
+
<!--Class-->| G  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|45.9
+
<!--Len-->|  45.9
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|11.8
+
<!--Wid-->|  11.8
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|H  
+
<!--Class-->| H  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|41.6
+
<!--Len-->|  41.6
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|15.3
+
<!--Wid-->|  15.3
<!--%-->|     style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|  
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|I  
+
<!--Class-->| I  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|35.5
+
<!--Len-->|  35.5
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|9.6
+
<!--Wid-->|  9.6
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|J  
+
<!--Class-->| J  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|29.1
+
<!--Len-->|  29.1
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|10.2
+
<!--Wid-->|  10.2
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|-
 
|-
<!--Class-->| style="text-align: center;  "|K  
+
<!--Class-->| K  
<!--Len-->|  style="text-align: center;"|36.5
+
<!--Len-->|  36.5
<!--Wid-->|  style="text-align: center;"|13.8
+
<!--Wid-->|  13.8
<!--%-->|    style="text-align: center;"|
+
<!--%-->|     
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
===Class A===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
  
{|
+
===Class B===
|- valign="top" id="Class A"
+
'''Archaeology'''<br>
|width="100pt"| [[File:A.jpg|thumb|100x150px|left]]
+
'''Discussion'''<br>
|width="600pt"| '''Class A'''
+
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
  
 +
== Buckles ==
 +
 +
=== Possible uses other than on belts ===
 +
Baldrics<br>
 +
Spurs<br>
 +
Pouches<br>
 +
Garters<br>
 +
 +
===Summary of Buckles===
 +
The following table is very much a work in progress and should not be used as reference in its current state. Where known the date range is supplied (guessed!) and the buckle materials suppled: I = Iron; C = Copper Alloy; B = Bone or Antler. Y means that the type exists but we are currently unsure of anymore details.<br>
 +
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="Text-align: center; "
 +
<!--|+ Typology of Anglo-Saxon Buckles-->
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Art Style
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Oval
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Rounded D
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Flat D
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Rectangle
 +
! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Flat with Integral Plate
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Plain
 +
<!--Oval-->|800-100<br>I,C
 +
<!--Roud-->|800-1100<br>I,C
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Incised lines
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |Y
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Ring & dot
 +
<!--Oval-->|Y
 +
<!--Roud-->|Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|900-1100<br>C
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Biting Beasts
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|900-1100<br>Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Biting Beasts
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|900-1100<br>Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |900-1100<br>Y
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Carolingian
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Winchester
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Borre
 +
<!--Oval-->|850-950<br>Y
 +
<!--Roud-->|850-950<br>Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Ringerike
 +
<!--Oval-->|1000-1100<br>C
 +
<!--Roud-->|1000-1100<br>Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|1000-1100<br>Y
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|1000-1100<br>Y
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Urnes
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|Y
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 +
|-
 +
<!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Hiberno-Norse
 +
<!--Oval-->|
 +
<!--Roud-->|875-1025<br>C
 +
<!--Flat-->|
 +
<!--Rec--> |
 +
<!--Intg-->|
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
===Plain===
 +
Long lived, from Roman to Middle ages (ROGERS 1993, p.1346). <br>
 +
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
*York
 +
**iron [ROGERS 1993: p.1347 cat.5044]
 +
**copper alloy [MAINMAN and ROGERS 2000: cat.10417]
 +
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Incised Lines===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Biting Beasts===
 +
900-1100AD<br>
 +
There seems to be 3 styles of these. 
 +
* Beasts abutting bar, protruding zoomorphic often found on outer edge
 +
* No Protruding zoomorphic on outer edge
 +
* Highly devolved beasts biting bar with transverse moulding
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
Mills dates this type to the C6th. Timeline originals date this from the C8th to the 10th<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
 +
===Ring and Dot===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Carolomgian Style===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Winchester style===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Borre style===
 +
<'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Ringerike style===
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Urnes Style===
 +
1050-1120AD<br>
 +
Mills, 2001 late 11th Romanesque?<br>
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
===Hiberno-Norse Style===
 +
Hiberno-Norse? 8th / early 9th<br>
 +
'''Archaeology'''<br>
 +
* York [ROGERS 1993: p.1349 cat.5313] late 9th (style through to 10th/ early 11th)
 +
* [Goodhall 1980b: 503, fig.263, 20
 +
<br>
 +
[WELANDER, BATEY, and COWIE, 1987: p. 158]<br>
 +
[REDKNAP 2000: p.75]<br>
 +
'''Discussion'''<br>
 +
<gallery>
 +
</gallery>
 +
<br>
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==

Revision as of 13:29, 26 March 2013

Completion Rating
This article's completion rating is 1 out of 5. Article planned for future work. No real progress to date.
Completion Rating
This article's completion rating is 1 out of 5. Article planned for future work. No real progress to date.

Leather Belts

Recreation Guide
800-899 900-979 980-1040 1041-1100
Optional [R]


Art
--
Literature
--
Archaeology

  • In Birka only 29 men's graves contained belt fittings of western style (no studs). 26 buckles, 16 strap ends and 2 strap hoops. In only 11 cases were the buckle and strap ends found together.[MALARSTEDT 1986]
  • In Birka only 3 men's graves contained belt fittings of eastern style (with studs). Another possible 4th belt was found in a cremation. [JANSSON 1986]

Discussion
--

... with split ends

Archaeology

  • York. double thinkness of leather, 45mm wide. Dated to the late C11th. Identified as one end of a sword belt. It has 2 60mm long slits cut into the belt towards its end. [Mould 2003:p.3367 cat.15611 fig.1691]

Discussion
Mould repeats the theory that this kind of belt originated in Scandinavia or Germany during the C10th. Oakshott says that this kind of belt was popular in England during the 12th and 13th centuries. [Mould 2003:p.3367] [OAKSHOTT 1994: fig.119]

Cloth Ties

Recreation Guide
800-899 900-979 980-1040 1041-1100
Encouraged


Art
--
Literature
--
Archaeology
--
Discussion
--


Strap Ends


Strap Ends

Long hanging strap ends

Art

  • BL Harley 2886 1000-1100AD France

Strap End Typology

The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research

Class Avg. Length (mm) Avg. Width (mm) % of finds
A 42.3 12.2 63
B 43.6 9.5
C 44.4 4.3
D 47.9 8.8
E 43.5 20.6 16
F 47.5 12.6
G 45.9 11.8
H 41.6 15.3
I 35.5 9.6
J 29.1 10.2
K 36.5 13.8

Class A

Archaeology
Discussion


Class B

Archaeology
Discussion


Buckles

Possible uses other than on belts

Baldrics
Spurs
Pouches
Garters

Summary of Buckles

The following table is very much a work in progress and should not be used as reference in its current state. Where known the date range is supplied (guessed!) and the buckle materials suppled: I = Iron; C = Copper Alloy; B = Bone or Antler. Y means that the type exists but we are currently unsure of anymore details.


Art Style Oval Rounded D Flat D Rectangle Flat with Integral Plate
Plain 800-100
I,C
800-1100
I,C
Incised lines Y
Ring & dot Y Y 900-1100
C
Biting Beasts 900-1100
Y
Biting Beasts 900-1100
Y
900-1100
Y
Carolingian Y
Winchester Y
Borre 850-950
Y
850-950
Y
Ringerike 1000-1100
C
1000-1100
Y
1000-1100
Y
1000-1100
Y
Urnes Y
Hiberno-Norse 875-1025
C

Plain

Long lived, from Roman to Middle ages (ROGERS 1993, p.1346).

Archaeology

  • York
    • iron [ROGERS 1993: p.1347 cat.5044]
    • copper alloy [MAINMAN and ROGERS 2000: cat.10417]

Discussion


Incised Lines

Archaeology
Discussion


Biting Beasts

900-1100AD
There seems to be 3 styles of these.

  • Beasts abutting bar, protruding zoomorphic often found on outer edge
  • No Protruding zoomorphic on outer edge
  • Highly devolved beasts biting bar with transverse moulding

Archaeology
Discussion
Mills dates this type to the C6th. Timeline originals date this from the C8th to the 10th



Ring and Dot

Archaeology
Discussion


Carolomgian Style

Archaeology
Discussion


Winchester style

Archaeology
Discussion


Borre style

<Archaeology
Discussion


Ringerike style

Archaeology
Discussion


Urnes Style

1050-1120AD
Mills, 2001 late 11th Romanesque?
Archaeology
Discussion


Hiberno-Norse Style

Hiberno-Norse? 8th / early 9th
Archaeology

  • York [ROGERS 1993: p.1349 cat.5313] late 9th (style through to 10th/ early 11th)
  • [Goodhall 1980b: 503, fig.263, 20


[WELANDER, BATEY, and COWIE, 1987: p. 158]
[REDKNAP 2000: p.75]
Discussion


See Also

References

  • [Malarstedt 1986] Malarstedt,Hilkka. Uebriger Guertelzubehoer. In Birka II-2 Systematische Analysen der Graeberfunde. 1986
  • [Jansson 1986] Jansson, Ingmar. Guertel und Guertelzubehoer vom Orientalischen Typ. In Birka II-2 Systematische Analysen der Graeberfunde. 1986