Difference between revisions of "Tents & Work Shelters"

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==Northern European Tents==
 
==Northern European Tents==
 
Also known as Anglo-Saxon, Saxon or Geteld tents.  
 
Also known as Anglo-Saxon, Saxon or Geteld tents.  
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</gallery>
 
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<br>
 
==Bell Tents==
 
==Bell Tents==
 
This is a cone shaped tent supported by a single central pole. It is interesting to note that all of the depictions from the Utrecht Psalter depict them with a cross at their apex. Possibly meaning that they were used for Ecclesiastical purposes.
 
This is a cone shaped tent supported by a single central pole. It is interesting to note that all of the depictions from the Utrecht Psalter depict them with a cross at their apex. Possibly meaning that they were used for Ecclesiastical purposes.
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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<br>
 
==Late Roman army tents==
 
==Late Roman army tents==
 
These consist of two uprights and a simple cross beam. A simple sheet is suspended over this and the ends left open. Examples can be seen in these C6th manuscripts.
 
These consist of two uprights and a simple cross beam. A simple sheet is suspended over this and the ends left open. Examples can be seen in these C6th manuscripts.
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  </gallery>
 
  </gallery>
  
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<br>
 
==Viking Tent==
 
==Viking Tent==
 
===Oseberg, Norway===
 
===Oseberg, Norway===
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Two tents were found in the Oseberg ship burial.<br>
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Two tents were found in the Oseberg ship burial. Apparently the original woodwork for the tents other than the carved dragon heads no longer survives. Although it is now impossible to say with any certainty which poles belonged to which tent I have attempted to make a preliminary guess in the image below. <br>
  
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: '''The smaller tent'''<br>
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:Tent_Oseberg_-_small_head.JPG | Oseberg Small tent
 
File:Tent_Oseberg_-_small_head.JPG | Oseberg Small tent
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</gallery>
 
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: '''The larger tent'''<br>
 
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<gallery>
 
 
File:Tent_Oseberg_-_large_head.JPG | Oseberg Large tent
 
File:Tent_Oseberg_-_large_head.JPG | Oseberg Large tent
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File:Tent_Oseberg_Poles.jpg | Oseberg tent poles
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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File:Gokstad_Tent_2.jpg | Gokstad
 
File:Gokstad_Tent_2.jpg | Gokstad
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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<br>
  
 
==Work Shelters==
 
==Work Shelters==
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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<br>
 
==Tent Pegs==
 
==Tent Pegs==
 
===Oseberg===
 
===Oseberg===
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The following evidence from the Roman period has been included here for comparative evidence.
 
The following evidence from the Roman period has been included here for comparative evidence.
 
====Wooden tent pegs====
 
====Wooden tent pegs====
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*Newstead, Oak, triangular section, 250-500mm long [BISHOP and COULSTON 2006:p.116]
+
*Newstead, Oak, triangular section, 250-500mm long [BISHOP & COULSTON 2006:p.116]
 
====Iron tent pegs====
 
====Iron tent pegs====
 
We've included these as comparisons. Found in Castle Künzing Quintanis (Germany) they are dated to the 2nd/3rd century AD. The original photo can be found [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Tent-pegs.jpg here]. A possible argument for the continuation of this style of tent peg as suggested by [http://europa-reenactment.org/saxon_tent.php Europa Reenactment] can be put forward by the pegs illustrated in BL Cotton Claudius B IV fol 21v.   
 
We've included these as comparisons. Found in Castle Künzing Quintanis (Germany) they are dated to the 2nd/3rd century AD. The original photo can be found [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Tent-pegs.jpg here]. A possible argument for the continuation of this style of tent peg as suggested by [http://europa-reenactment.org/saxon_tent.php Europa Reenactment] can be put forward by the pegs illustrated in BL Cotton Claudius B IV fol 21v.   
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File: Tent BL Cotton Claudius B IV fol 21v pegs.jpg | 1025-1050AD English <br> BL Cott Clau BIV f.21v  
 
File: Tent BL Cotton Claudius B IV fol 21v pegs.jpg | 1025-1050AD English <br> BL Cott Clau BIV f.21v  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
 +
{{Ref|Bishop & Coulston 2006}}
 +
{{Ref|British Museum Website}}
 +
{{Ref|Nicolaysen 1882}}
 +
<HarvardReferences />

Latest revision as of 18:39, 19 December 2016

Tents & Work Shelters

Furniture & Storage

  Buckets & Barrels
  Chests, Caskets & Boxes
  Stools, Benches & Chairs
  Tents & Work Shelters



More Furniture & Storage pages

Completion Rating
This article's completion rating is 2 out of 5. Article structure and content is subject to change as data is still being collected.
Completion Rating
This article's completion rating is 2 out of 5. Article structure and content is subject to change as data is still being collected.
Viking Age Compendium articles on Furniture & Storage:
VA Tents.jpg
Tents & Work Shelters
Viking Age Compendium articles on Furniture & Storage:
VA Tents.jpg
Tents & Work Shelters

Northern European Tents

Also known as Anglo-Saxon, Saxon or Geteld tents.

From the Psalters

The Carolingian Utrecht psalter has three surviving copies. These span almost 400 years and can show us how the same scenes can be reinterpreted.

  • 820-835AD Utrecht Psalter
  • 1025-1050AD & 1125-1150AD London, British Library, MS Harley, 603, Harley Psalter
  • 1150AD Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.17.1, Edwine Psalter
  • 1180-1200AD Paris, BNF MS lat. 8846, Anglo-Catalan Psalter

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.15r

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.15r

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.25r

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.71v

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.85v

  • 1000-1025AD English
    Harley Psalter f.15r

  • 1000-1025AD English
    Harley Psalter f.15r

  • 1000-1025AD English
    Harley Psalter f.25r

  • 1125-1150AD English
    Harley Psalter f.33r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.44v

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.44v

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.75r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.227r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.268r

  • 1180-1200AD English
    Anglo-Catalan Psalter f.44

  • 1180-1200AD English
    Anglo-Catalan Psalter f.44

  • 1180-1200AD English
    Anglo-Catalan Psalter

From the Psychomachia

Their are 18 surviving illustrated copies of Prudentius's Psychomachia. Four of which hae been classified as Anglo-Saxon.

  • Late C10th T48 Cambridge Corp. Chri. MS23
  • Late C10th T49 London B.L. Cotton Cleo. C, VIII

Although sharing a common source the Psychomachia from Bern is from a differnt drawing group than the Anglo-Saxon examples.

  • 875 – 950AD Bern, Stadtbibliothek, Ms. 264

  • 900AD Carolingian
    Bern cod. 264

  • 1000AD English
    Chrisi College MS23 f.3v

  • 1000AD English
    MS Cott. Cleo. C VIII f.5v

From the Hexateuch

  • London, B.L. Cotton Claudius B IV

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.9v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.17v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.17v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.18r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.21v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.23r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.23v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.23v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.24r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.24r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.25r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.29v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.29v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.30r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.39v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.41r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.46v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.47r

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.47v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.51v

From other Manuscripts

  • 850-900AD Leiden, I Maccabees
  • C10th Fulda Sacramentary
  • 1025-1050AD T84 Vatican Biblioteca Apostolica, reg. lat. 12
  • 1109-1111AD Dijon Bible of Stephen Harding
  • 1155-1160AD New York, Pierpont Morgan, M 724, Edwine Psalter prefatory cycle

  • 850-900AD Carolingian
    Leiden I Maccabees

  • C10th Carolingian
    Fulda Sacramentary

  • C10th Carolingian
    Fulda Sacramentary

  • C10th Carolingian
    Fulda Sacramentary

  • 1025-1050AD English
    Vat, Bib. Apos. lat.12 f.29r

  • 1109-1111AD
    Dijon Bible

  • 1155-1160AD
    English Pierpont Morgan, M 724


Bell Tents

This is a cone shaped tent supported by a single central pole. It is interesting to note that all of the depictions from the Utrecht Psalter depict them with a cross at their apex. Possibly meaning that they were used for Ecclesiastical purposes.

From the Psalters

  • 820-835AD Utrecht Psalter
  • 1025-1050AD & 1125-1150AD London, British Library, MS Harley, 603, Harley Psalter
  • 1150AD Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.17.1, Edwine Psalter
  • 1180-1200AD Paris, BNF MS lat. 8846, Anglo-Catalan Psalter

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.24v

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.34v

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.48v

  • 1000-1025AD English
    Harley Psalter f.24v

  • 1025-1050AD English
    Harley Psalter f.68r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.73v

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.105r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.147r

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.149r

From the Psychomachia

The English copies of the Psychomachia do not depict bell tents.

  • Carolingian
    Paris lat. 3808

  • 850-900AD Carolingian
    Brussels Lat. 9987

  • Carolingian
    Paris lat 8085

  • Carolingian
    Leiden BUR Q3 f.121v

  • 900AD Carolingian
    Bern cod. 264

  • 900-1000AD Carolingian
    Brussels ms.10066-77

  • Carolingian
    Valenciennes MS 412


Late Roman army tents

These consist of two uprights and a simple cross beam. A simple sheet is suspended over this and the ends left open. Examples can be seen in these C6th manuscripts.

  • 493-508AD Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Cod. F. 205 Inf., Ambrosian Iliad
  • 500-550AD Vienna cod. theol. gr. 31, Vienna Genesis

  • 493-508AD Byzantine
    Ambrosian Iliad

  • 500-550AD Syria
    Ambrosian Iliad

From the Psychomachia

In the Viking Age this style of tent can be seen depicted in the Psychomachia but not in the English versions.

  • C9th Leiden, BUR Q3
  • 850-900AD Brussels Lat. 9987
  • Paris lat 8085
  • Valenciennes MS 412

  • C9th Carolingian
    Leiden BUR Q3 f.142r

  • C9th Carolingian
    Leiden BUR Q3 f.145r

  • 850-900 Carolingian
    Brussels Lat. 9987

  • 850-900 Carolingian
    Brussels Lat. 9987

  • Carolingian
    Paris lat 8085

  • Carolingian
    Valenciennes MS 412

  • Carolingian
    Valenciennes MS 412


Viking Tent

Oseberg, Norway

Two tents were found in the Oseberg ship burial. Apparently the original woodwork for the tents other than the carved dragon heads no longer survives. Although it is now impossible to say with any certainty which poles belonged to which tent I have attempted to make a preliminary guess in the image below.

  • Oseberg Small tent

  • Oseberg Large tent

  • Oseberg tent poles

Gokstad, Norway

The parts of the tent are described by Nicolaysen [NICOLAYSEN 1882] thus:
p.33 “When the ship lay in harbour, it was, at night time covered with a tilt (tjald) to which the recently names pillars and a ridge-pole belonged (tjaldass, tjaldstong). Over this latter the cloth was stretched from both sides of the ship. Sometimes for ornament's sake the cloth was striped in various colours. When it is recorded in Egil's saga, concerning Kveldulf, that he bade his people go along the ship's sides and cut the tilt from it's fastenings (klofi) or when in another passage, the ripping up (spretta) of the tent is spoken of, to me it would seem more probable that the lowest edges of the cloth (tjaldskor) were fastened to the gunwale with ropes than, ……
:p.37-38 c “a bundle of woolen cloth of yellowish colour, though doubtless originally white, with stripes of red cloth sewn thereon (cfr. P. 33) the whole of which, presumably had been intended for the tent, an opinion corroborated by the fact that within the bundle there were found pieces of thin hemp-rope, in all probability, the fastenings of the tilt;”
p.41 q “four long oaken boards of similar size and formed in the same manner, having art the one end animal heads carved and nearly alike one another, and intended to be viewed from both sides, of whose purpose I was for a long time in doubt, until at last it became obvious to me that theu had been placed at each end og the tilt, a conclusion to which I was led by observing the barge boards with horse heads which according to Otte, are found in houses of peasents in Lower Saxony and whose heads in some districts are turned outwards to prevent misfortune, while in others they are directed inwards to bring good luck to the house. It is sufficiently clear that each of the boards must have crossed the other, as represented, and that the ridgepole of the tilt with its ends was pivoted through the holes highest up. To me it also seems most likely …..”

  • Gokstad set A

  • Gokstad set B

  • Gokstad


Work Shelters

From the Psalters

  • Utrecht Psalter fol.5r, 84r
  • Lothair Crystal (British Museum)

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.5r

  • 820-835AD Carolingian
    Utrecht Psalter f.84r

  • 855-869AD Carolingian
    Lothair Crystal

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.15v

  • 1150AD English
    Edwine Psalter f.263r

Late Roman Work Shelters

  • c.427AD Paris BNF Ms. Nouv. acq. lat. 2334

  • Paris BNF Ms. Nouv. acq. lat. 2334

  • Paris BNF Ms. Nouv. acq. lat. 2334

  • Paris BNF Ms. Nouv. acq. lat. 2334


Tent Pegs

Oseberg

The Viking Ship Museum has some 'tent pegs' on display. Dougleen.com however puts forth an alternative theory in that they are rope tension devices.

Roman tent pegs

The following evidence from the Roman period has been included here for comparative evidence.

Wooden tent pegs

Iron tent pegs

We've included these as comparisons. Found in Castle Künzing Quintanis (Germany) they are dated to the 2nd/3rd century AD. The original photo can be found here. A possible argument for the continuation of this style of tent peg as suggested by Europa Reenactment can be put forward by the pegs illustrated in BL Cotton Claudius B IV fol 21v.

  • 100-300AD Roman
    Castle Künzing Quintanis

  • 1025-1050AD English
    BL Cott Clau BIV f.21v

References

Bishop, M. C., and Coulston, J.C.N. (2006) Roman Military Equipment. From the Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome. Second Edition. [BISHOP & COULSTON 2006] ^ *
British Museum Website http://www.britishmuseum.org [BRITISH MUSEUM WEBSITE] *
Nicolaysen, N (1882) The Viking Ship Discovered in Gokstad, Norway. [NICOLAYSEN 1882] ^ *
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