Research:Seax

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Buckets

Seax

Wychurst Long Hall

Wychurst Memorial Stone

Accessories:

Wychurst Memorial Stone

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Research

Research

775-800AD St. Andrew Sarcophagus
C8th England, Derbyshire, Repton. Stone carving, ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.200} ^{[HINTON 2005]:p.105}
850-900AD Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, Lat. 9987. Psychomachia
C9th Paris, BNF, Lat. 8085 fol.57r. Virtue, armed with a sword and seax, combating a Vice. [BNF]
C10th Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, ms. 10066-77 Psychomachia f.112r-139r
England, Dorset, Cranborne. Silver strap-end ^{[HINTON 2005]:p.113}
Middleton Warrior ^{[BAILEY 1980]:pl.14}
975-1000AD Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS23, f.23r.[PARKER]
1025-1050AD Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat 8824 - seax.jpg ^{[OHLGREN 1992]}
1076AD Bayeux Tapestry ^{[WILSON 1985]:pl.6, 7}

St. Andrew Sarcophagus
Repton Stone
Paris, BNF, Lat. 8085
Middleton Warrior
Brussels Bib. ms. 10066-77
Cranbourne Strap End
Paris, BNF, Lat. 8824
Bayeux Tapestry

Literature (C9th to C11th)

Beowulf c.1000AD
- "Grendel's mother; the hard man of conflict then heaved, now that he was enraged, the deadly foe, so that she fell to the floor; she again him quickly gave hand-reward with wrathful grips and clutched him against herself; hen, weary in spirit, he stumbled, the strongest man, warrior on foot, so that he was in a fall; then she bestrode the guest in her hall, and drew her seax, broad and bright-edged; she wished to avenge her son, only offspring;" lines 1538-1547 heorot.dk
- "Then again the king himself gathered his wits, drew a slaughter-seax bitter and battle-sharp, that he wore on his byrnie;" lines 2702-2704 heorot.dk
- "beside him lies his life-contender sick with seax-wounds" line 2903-2904 heorot.dk

English Seax Blades (C9th to C11th)

Seax Blades

Out of 128 knives found from Coppergate York, only 1 can be classed as a seax. ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.64-65}

File:Seax Dimmock Cote.jpg 130x150px	England, Cambridge, River Cam at Dimmock's Cote Current Location- University of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge Type- ? 800AD Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- 'large scramasax with a groove along the back of the blade' [BJORN 1940:p.69]. Bibliography- [BJORN 1940:p.69]
File:Seax Cumwhitton 634.jpg 130x150px	England, Cumwhitton, Plough Soil Current Location- Tullie House Museum Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: 30mm; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 220mm Comments- 'Patern-welded blade with remains of possible leather sheath still attached' ^{[PATERSON 2014]:cat.634}. Bibliography- ^{[PATERSON 2014]:p.50,51 & Cat.634}
File:Seax Cumwhitton 885.jpg 130x150px	England, Cumwhitton, Grave 5 Current Location- Tullie House Museum Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: 182mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 270mm Comments- 'Part pattern welded. Has a horn handle with inlaid silver wire.' ^{[PATERSON 2014]:cat.885}. Bibliography- ^{[PATERSON 2014]:p.110 & Cat.885}
File:Seax Sittingbourne.jpg 130x150px	England, Kent, Sittingbourne Current Location- British Museum 1881,0623.1 Type- Wheeler IV 900-925AD Find Date- 1881 Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- 'inlaid with copper, bronze, silver and niello.' ^{[WILSON 1964]:cat.80}. Bibliography- ^{[WILSON 1964]:cat.80} [British Museum]
	England, London Current Location- London Museum ALG84[588]381 Type- Wheeler III/II 1000-1100AD Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 247mm Comments- Bibliography- [Museum of London]
File:Seax London 1856 Honey Lane.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Honey Lane Current Location- British Museum 1856,7-1,1413 Type- Wheeler IV 978-1016AD Find Date- 1856 Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 327mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WILSON 1965]:Cat.43}
File:Seax London 1879 Park Street.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Park Street Current Location- British Museum 1879,12-22.1 Type- 800-1000AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 266mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WILSON 1965]:Cat.81}
File:Seax London Princes Street.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Princes Street Current Location- London Museum 29.94,17 (Wheeler no.21) Type- 900-1000AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London 1859 Thames.jpg 130x150px	England, London,Thames Current Location- British Museum 1859,1-22.12 Type- 800-1000AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 232mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WILSON 1965]:Cat.50}
	England, London, Thames Current Location- London Museum A1781 (Wheeler no.25) Type- 900-1100AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: 247mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 334mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London A9313.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Blackfriars Current Location- London Museum A9313 (Wheeler no.8) Type- 800-1000AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London A10721.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Brentford Current Location- London Museum A10721 (Wheeler no.11) Type- 700-900AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London A13935.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Brentford Current Location- London Museum A13935 (Wheeler no.22) Type- 900-1100AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London O2136.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Brentford Current Location- London Museum O2136 Type- 500-700AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: 181mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- [MUSEUM OF LONDON]
File:Seax London A24399.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Fulham Current Location- London Museum A24399 (Wheeler no.18) Type- Wheeler IV 900-1000AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.}
File:Seax London A24909.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Thames at Fulham Current Location- London Museum A24909 (Wheeler no.17) Type- Wheeler III/II 900-1100AD Find Date- Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[WHEELER 1935]:p.} England, London. One find from cheapside could have had a blade of 25cm. ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.64-65}

English style Seax Sheathes (C9th to C11th)

Seax Sheaths

Seax sheaths are made from substantial leather up to 3mm thick and closed by rivets about 4 to 5cm apart. In England there are 12 finds of Seax sheaths out of a total of 61 ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.64-65}

File:Sheath Aachen.jpg 130x150px	Germany, Aachen Current Location- Aachen Cathedral Treasury (Okasha 1992 cat.1) Type- ? Find Date- before 1860 Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 470mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Contains a name in Old English Bibliography- ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.1 pl.IV}
File:Sheath Trondheim T5919.jpg 130x150px	Norway, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag Current Location- ? (Okasha 1992 cat.12) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Contains a name in Old English Bibliography- ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.12 pl.V}
File:Sheath Trondheim T5919.jpg 130x150px	Norway, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag Current Location- ? (Okasha 1992 cat.13) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Contains a name in Old English Bibliography- ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.13 pl.V}
File:Sheath Dublin DLS4.jpg 130x150px	Ireland, Dublin, Christchurch Place Current Location- ? (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 4) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 367mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2007]:p.}
File:Sheath Dublin DLS5.jpg 130x150px	Ireland, Dublin, Christchurch Place Current Location- ?, E122:12660 (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 5) (Okasha 1992 cat.2) Type- ? 1050-1075AD Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 295mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2007]:p.} ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.2}
File:Sheath Dublin DLS11.jpg 130x150px	Ireland, Dublin, Fishamble Street Current Location- ? (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 11) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 405mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2007]:p.}
File:Sheath Gloucester sf.65.jpg 130x150px	England, Gloucester, 11-17 Southgate Street Current Location- Gloucester City Museum, GLRCM 85/1968 sf.65 (Cameron 2000 cat.349) (Okasha 1992 cat.3) Type- ? Find Date- 1968 Size- Blade Length: 170mm ; Total Length: 190mm ; Total Width: 68mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.} ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.3}
File:Sheath Gloucester sf.7.jpg 130x150px	England, Gloucester, Berkeley Street Current Location- Gloucester City Museum, GLRCM 19/79 sf.7 (Cameron 2000 cat.350) (Okasha 1992 cat.4) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: 200mm ; Total Length: 415mm ; Total Width: 70mm Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.} ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.4}
File:Sheath Hexham.jpg 130x150px	England, Hexham Current Location- Hexham (Cameron 2000 cat.114) (Okasha 1992 cat.5) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ? ; Total Length: 100mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.} ^{[OKASHA 1992]:p.64 cat.5} York 115 York 214 York 215
File:Sheath York sf.754.jpg 130x150px	England, York, Parliament Street Current Location- ? sf.754 (Cameron 2000 cat.205) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.112}
File:Sheath York Coppergate.jpg 130x150px	England, York, Coppergate Current Location- ? (Cameron 2000 cat.206) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.}
File:Sheath York sf.753.jpg 130x150px	England, York, Parliament Street Current Location- ? sf.753 (Cameron 2000 cat.207) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.113}
File:Sheath York sf.4332.jpg 130x150px	England, York Current Location- ? sf.4332 (Cameron 2000 cat.347) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.135}
File:Sheath London Trump Street.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Trump Street Current Location- Museum of London, MOL ? (Cameron 2000 cat.144) Type- ? Find Date- ? Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.}
File:Sheath London Cheapside.jpg 130x150px	England, London, Cheapside Current Location- Museum of London, MOL 11674 (Cameron 2000 cat.145) (Okasha 1992 cat.6) Type- ? Find Date- 1927 Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 390mm ; Total Width: ? Comments- Bibliography- ^{[VINCE 1991]} ^{[CAMERON 2000]:p.208} ^{[OKASHA 1992]:cat.6}

A few Seax Sheathes from the C8th

Dover, Buckland, grave 145, leather sheath dated to 700-750AD
London, River Thames nr. Westminster Bridge, metal fittings, late C8th

References

Bailey, Richard N. (1980) Viking Age Sculpture. ^{[BAILEY 1980] ^} *

Bersu, Gerhard and Wilson, David M. (1966) Three Viking Graves in the Isle of Man. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Servies: No 1 ^{[BERSU & WILSON 1966]} *

Bjorn, Anathon, and Shetelig, Haakon (1940) Viking Antiquities in England. Edited by Haakon Shetelig. (Available Online) Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland: Part 4 ^{[BJORN & SHETELIG 1940]} *

British Museum Website http://www.britishmuseum.org ^{[BRITISH MUSEUM WEBSITE]} *

Cameron, Esther A. (2000) Sheaths and Scabbards in England AD400-1100. British Archaeological Reports: BAR 301 ^{[CAMERON 2000] ^} ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ *

Cameron, Esther A. (2007) Scabbards and Sheaths from Viking and Medieval Dublin.. Medieval Dublin Excavations 1962-81: Ser.B Vol.08 ^{[CAMERON 2007] ^} ¹ ² ³ *

Hinton, David A. (2005) Gold and Gilt, Pots and Pins ~ Possessions and People in Medieval Britain. ^{[HINTON 2005] ^} ¹ ² *

Museum of London Website http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/london-wall/ ^{[MUSEUM OF LONDON WEBSITE]} *

Ohlgren, Thomas H. (1992) Anglo-Saxon Textual Illustration. ^{[OHLGREN 1992] ^} *

Okasha, Elisabeth (19920 'Anglo-Saxon Inscribed Sheaths from Aachen, Dublin and Trondheim'. (Available Online) Medieval Archaeology: Vol.36 ^{[OKASHA 1992] ^} ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ *

Cambridge, Parker Library http://parkerweb.stanford.edu/parker/actions/page.do?forward=home ^{[PARKER LIBRARY]} *

Paterson, Caroline; Parsons, Adam J.; Newman, Rachel M.; Johnson, Nick and Howard Davis, Christine (2014) Shadows in the Sand. Excavation of a Viking-Age Cemetery at Cumwhitton, Cumbria. ^{[PATERSON 2014] ^} ¹ ² ³ ⁴ *

Vince, Alan (1991) Aspects of Saxo-Norman London: II Finds and Environmental Evidence. ^{[VINCE 1991] ^} *

Wilson, David M. (1964) Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700-1100. The British Museum. ^{[WILSON 1964] ^} ¹ ² *

Wilson, David M. (1965) Some neglected late Anglo-Saxon swords. Medieval Archaeology: Vol.9 ^{[WILSON 1965] ^} ¹ ² ³ *

Wilson, David M. (1985) The Bayeux Tapestry. ^{[WILSON 1985] ^} *

Wheeler, R.E.M. (1927) London and the Vikings. London Museum Catalogues: No 1 ^{[WHEELER 1927]} *

Wheeler, R.E.M. (1935) London and the Saxons. London Museum Catalogues: No 6 ^{[WHEELER 1935] ^} ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ *

[CAMERON 2000]

[HINTON 2005]

[BAILEY 1980]

[OHLGREN 1992]

[WILSON 1985]

[PATERSON 2014]

[WILSON 1964]

[WILSON 1965]

[WHEELER 1935]

[OKASHA 1992]

[CAMERON 2007]

[VINCE 1991]

[BAILEY 1980]

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Research:Seax

Contents

Images of Seaxes (C8th to C11th)

Literature (C9th to C11th)

English Seax Blades (C9th to C11th)

English style Seax Sheathes (C9th to C11th)

A few Seax Sheathes from the C8th

References

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