Changes
Spears
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{{Stars2|Category = Weapons}} {{Spears}}
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F – 30cm to 50-60cm, 50-60cm being typical.
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==Javelins or darts==
Javelins, sometimes referred to as ‘darts’, are small spears designed for throwing although it is likely that they were also used as thrusting weapons in the same manner as spears.<br>
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==Angons==
'''Petersen type ‘L’ spearheads'''<br>
[[File:R211.jpg|thumb|100x150px|left]]
A 3 foot long metal shaft with twin barbs mounted on a wooden shaft. <br>
A Frankish weapon used in a similar way to the Roman pilum and in fashion between the 5th to mid 8th century. It was designed to be thrown at the enemy’s shield. The iron shaft would hen bend and the weight of the angon would pull the enemy’s shield down. [THOMPSON 2004: p.52-53].<br>
A similar weapon is Petersen’s type L spear. The primary difference is that whereas the Angon was socketed, Petersen’s Norwegian spears were tanged. Two types are described. The earlier barbed form is more numerous and dated to the first half of the C9th. Petersen could only cite 2 examples of the later type which dates to the mid C10th. This form’s head is more triangular in shape and is not barbed. [PETERSEN 1919]<br>
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* Dublin, 66% of the spearheads from Dublin had rivet holes with the hole size usually being between 2 to 3 mm in diameter [HALPIN 2008: p.134].
* Isle of Man, Balladoyne. A type K spearhead retained traces of a fine linen fabric that had been wrapped twice around the point of the wooden shaft [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940: p.26].
* Hedeby, Denmark (Germany). A type E spearhead found in the harbour complete with 1m of remaining ash shaft. The shaft is 25mm in diamter and slightly oval in cross section. The shaft is only held on by the 71mm of wood inserted into the spear socket. No rivets or other forms of attachment have been found. [WESTPHALEN 2002WESTPHAL 2006: p.61]
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Riveting, pinning and gluing were probably the most common.
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==Using spears a spear two-handed with a slung shield==
{{Evidence|
|Art=
* Scotland, Aberlemo stone. c.700-850. Depicts a warrior attacking a mounted warrior.
* France, Saint-Omer. c.1000-1025. Depicts a man hunting a boar. (New York, Pierpont Morgan, MS.333 fol.1)
* Germany. St Gallen?. c.1125-1150. Depicts a warrior attacking a ship. (St Gallen, Cod. Sang, 863)
* England, Canterbury. Stained glass window. c.1190. Depicts a warrior attacking a castle.
File:Scotland, Aberlemno II, Stone Carving.jpg|Aberlemno <br>c.700-850
File:New York, Pierpont Morgan 333. fol.51r Spear.JPG|France<br>c.1000-1025
File:St Gallen, Cod. Sang. 863.jpg|St Gallen <br>c.1125-1150
File:Canterbury Cathedral, Life of St Alphege c.1190.jpg|Canterbury Cathedral <br> c.1190
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== References ==
{{Ref|Book=Siddorn 2005}}
{{Ref|Book=Swanton 1973}}
{{Ref|Book=Westphalen 2002Thompson 2004}}{{Ref|Book=Westphal 2006}}
{{Ref|Book=Wheeler 1927}}
{{Ref|Book=Wheeler 1935}}