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− | {{Stars2|Category = Necklaces}} | + | {{Stars2|Category = Necklaces|Typology = Amulet Typology|TypologyFile = Amulets.png}} |
+ | {{Necklace}} | ||
+ | {{MajorRef|Jensen 2010}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Amulets are classed as protective items and usually are in the shape of a specific object.<br> | ||
+ | [[Pendants]] may or may not be protective items and are generally more stylistic or are items that have been repurposed. <br> | ||
==Thor's Hammers== | ==Thor's Hammers== | ||
− | [[Thor's Hammers]]<br> | + | See main article: [[Thor's Hammers]]<br> |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Ha85.jpg|England, Cuerdale | ||
+ | Norwich-Thors Hammer-3.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | Norwich-Thors Hammer-4-7.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | R679.jpg|Norway | ||
+ | M624.JPG|Sweden | ||
+ | Norwich-Thors Hammer-1.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | Norwich-Thors Hammer-2.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | Hedeby Thors hammer.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | Hedeby_Amber_Thors_hammer.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | M626.jpg|Sweden | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
==Valkyrie and other Human Amulets == | ==Valkyrie and other Human Amulets == | ||
− | [[Valkyrie and other Human Amulets]]<br> | + | See main article: [[Valkyrie and other Human Amulets]]<br> |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | PAS_Valkyrie_LEIC-C58A13.jpg|PAS | ||
+ | PAS_Valkyrie_SF9305.jpg|PAS | ||
+ | Norwich-Valkyrie-1.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | Hedeby_Brooch_Valkeyrie.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | Norwich-Valkyrie-2.JPG|England, Norwich | ||
+ | PAS_Valkyrie_SF10754.jpg|PAS | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 14: | Line 39: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Hedeby_Amulet_Sword.JPG | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 29: | Line 61: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 34: | Line 68: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010: p.37-39] | |
* England, 1 find of jet | * England, 1 find of jet | ||
* Ireland, 3 finds, 2 of wood, 1 of stone | * Ireland, 3 finds, 2 of wood, 1 of stone | ||
Line 41: | Line 75: | ||
* Sweden, 3 finds of silver, 2 found in women’s graves | * Sweden, 3 finds of silver, 2 found in women’s graves | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | R690.jpg | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 46: | Line 83: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010: p.49-51] | |
* Denmark, 23 finds, 11 of copper alloy,11 of silver, 1 of unknown | * Denmark, 23 finds, 11 of copper alloy,11 of silver, 1 of unknown | ||
* Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave | * Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave | ||
+ | ** Norway, Hedmark: Flagstad Parish [http://www.unimus.no/artefacts/khm/86370/?f=html Universitetsmuseene] | ||
* Scania (Sweden), 4 finds of silver | * Scania (Sweden), 4 finds of silver | ||
* Sweden, 38 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 37 of silver, 18 from women’s grave | * Sweden, 38 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 37 of silver, 18 from women’s grave | ||
− | * Gotland (Sweden), 6 finds, 3 of copper alloy, 3 of silver | + | * Gotland (Sweden), 6 finds, 3 of copper alloy, 3 of silver [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18] |
* Russia, 7 finds | * Russia, 7 finds | ||
* Arland (Finland), 1 find | * Arland (Finland), 1 find | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
− | Arwidsson has described the finds from Birka: 16 were found all of silver. 15 from women’s graves and one from a child’s grave. Dated to the mid C10th to mid C11th. 8 were found between oval brooches and 5 as part of bead necklaces. They seem to be a Swedish / Danish item and are interpreted as symbolic miniature shields always with a clockwise whorl. Some even have signs that the makers have tried to incorporate a shield grip on the reverse. | + | Arwidsson has described the finds from Birka: 16 were found all of silver. 15 from women’s graves and one from a child’s grave. Dated to the mid C10th to mid C11th. 8 were found between oval brooches and 5 as part of bead necklaces. They seem to be a Swedish / Danish item and are interpreted as symbolic miniature shields always with a clockwise whorl. Some even have signs that the makers have tried to incorporate a shield grip on the reverse. [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18] [ARBMAN 1940: pl.97]<br> |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Birka_shield_amulet_Gr.954.jpg|Birka Gr.954 | ||
+ | Birka_shield_amulet_Gr.817.jpg|Birka Gr.817 | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 63: | Line 105: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010] | |
* Denmark, 2 finds of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave | * Denmark, 2 finds of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave | ||
* Norway, 8 finds of gold all from Hoen hoard | * Norway, 8 finds of gold all from Hoen hoard | ||
Line 69: | Line 111: | ||
* Gotland, 2 finds of silver | * Gotland, 2 finds of silver | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 74: | Line 118: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010] | |
* Norway, 4 finds, 3 of gold from the Hoen hoard, 1 of silver | * Norway, 4 finds, 3 of gold from the Hoen hoard, 1 of silver | ||
* Sweden, 1 find of silver | * Sweden, 1 find of silver | ||
* Gotland, 5 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 3 of silver | * Gotland, 5 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 3 of silver | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 84: | Line 130: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010] | |
* Gotland, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver | * Gotland, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 99: | Line 147: | ||
** Nørre Onsild sogn. Silver, Woman's grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.207] | ** Nørre Onsild sogn. Silver, Woman's grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.207] | ||
*Germany | *Germany | ||
− | ** Hedeby. Silver, grave. [ROESDAHL | + | ** Hedeby. Silver, grave. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 187] |
* Gotland, 6 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 of amber, 1 from a male grave, c.1000AD | * Gotland, 6 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 of amber, 1 from a male grave, c.1000AD | ||
− | ** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.465] [ROESDAHL | + | ** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.465] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.143] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.521] [WOV 2003:cat.753] |
− | ** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1377] [ROESDAHL | + | ** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1377] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.143] |
** Hellvi. SHM 22917. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.499] | ** Hellvi. SHM 22917. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.499] | ||
** Grötlingbo. SHM 32181. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1629] Found in head region. Bhr 1966:08. [RUNDKVIST 2003:p.186] | ** Grötlingbo. SHM 32181. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1629] Found in head region. Bhr 1966:08. [RUNDKVIST 2003:p.186] | ||
Line 114: | Line 162: | ||
** Langlöt. Amber, grave [JENSEN 2010:cat.1331] | ** Langlöt. Amber, grave [JENSEN 2010:cat.1331] | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Hedeby_Amulet_Chair_1.JPG | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 119: | Line 170: | ||
Silver or copper alloy<br> | Silver or copper alloy<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
− | + | [JENSEN 2010: p.63] | |
* Denmark, 4 finds of copper alloy, 750-1100AD | * Denmark, 4 finds of copper alloy, 750-1100AD | ||
* Skane, 1 find of silver, C10th | * Skane, 1 find of silver, C10th | ||
Line 125: | Line 176: | ||
* Sweden, 3 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 found in women’s graves, 750-975AD | * Sweden, 3 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 found in women’s graves, 750-975AD | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
− | Dated by Jensen to 900-950AD. | + | Dated by Jensen to 900-950AD. [JENSEN 2010: p.63]<br> |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 132: | Line 185: | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Hedeby_Cross_1.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | Hedeby_Cross_2.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | Hedeby_Cross_3.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
− | + | [ROESDAHL & WILSON: 1992] | |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Hedeby Amulet Amber Leg.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 177: | Line 248: | ||
* 1 from York, after 860AD | * 1 from York, after 860AD | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
− | Jensen makes a case for this style of pendent being a Hedeby local tradition. | + | Jensen makes a case for this style of pendent being a Hedeby local tradition. [JENSEN 2010]<br> |
+ | <gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"> | ||
+ | Hedeby_Amulet_Anchor.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 186: | Line 260: | ||
{{Ref|PAS}} | {{Ref|PAS}} | ||
{{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}} | {{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}} | ||
+ | {{Ref|Rundkvist 2003}} | ||
{{Ref|WOV 2003}} | {{Ref|WOV 2003}} | ||
<HarvardReferences /> | <HarvardReferences /> |
Latest revision as of 15:46, 17 December 2016
Amulets |
---|
|
Amulets are classed as protective items and usually are in the shape of a specific object.
Pendants may or may not be protective items and are generally more stylistic or are items that have been repurposed.
Thor's Hammers
Valkyrie and other Human Amulets
Miniature Weapons
Miniature axes
Archaeology
Discussion
Miniature spears
Archaeology
Discussion
Miniature swords
Archaeology
Discussion
Other animal figurines
Archaeology
Discussion
Snake figurines (V/F)
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]:p.37-39
- England, 1 find of jet
- Ireland, 3 finds, 2 of wood, 1 of stone
- Denmark, 4 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 1 unknown, 1 from a woman’s grave
- Norway, 4 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 of gold, 1 of jet, 3 from women’s graves
- Sweden, 3 finds of silver, 2 found in women’s graves
Discussion
Miniature shields (V/F)
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]:p.49-51
- Denmark, 23 finds, 11 of copper alloy,11 of silver, 1 of unknown
- Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave
- Norway, Hedmark: Flagstad Parish Universitetsmuseene
- Scania (Sweden), 4 finds of silver
- Sweden, 38 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 37 of silver, 18 from women’s grave
- Gotland (Sweden), 6 finds, 3 of copper alloy, 3 of silver [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18]
- Russia, 7 finds
- Arland (Finland), 1 find
Discussion
Arwidsson has described the finds from Birka: 16 were found all of silver. 15 from women’s graves and one from a child’s grave. Dated to the mid C10th to mid C11th. 8 were found between oval brooches and 5 as part of bead necklaces. They seem to be a Swedish / Danish item and are interpreted as symbolic miniature shields always with a clockwise whorl. Some even have signs that the makers have tried to incorporate a shield grip on the reverse. [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18] [ARBMAN 1940]:pl.97
Bowls, sieves and spoons
Bowls (V/F)
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]
- Denmark, 2 finds of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave
- Norway, 8 finds of gold all from Hoen hoard
- Sweden, 12 finds, 10 of silver, 2 of lead, 9 from women’s graves
- Gotland, 2 finds of silver
Discussion
Sieves
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]
- Norway, 4 finds, 3 of gold from the Hoen hoard, 1 of silver
- Sweden, 1 find of silver
- Gotland, 5 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 3 of silver
Discussion
Spoons
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]
- Gotland, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver
Discussion
Chairs (V)
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]:p.58-61
- Denmark, 4 finds of silver, 2 found in woman’s graves, C10th
- Gravlev sogn. Silver, Hoard [JENSEN 2010]:cat.115
- Bornholms amt. Silver, Hoards [JENSEN 2010]:cat.181
- Års sogn. Silver, Hoard [JENSEN 2010]:cat.206
- Nørre Onsild sogn. Silver, Woman's grave. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.207
- Germany
- Hedeby. Silver, grave. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992]:cat. 187
- Gotland, 6 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 of amber, 1 from a male grave, c.1000AD
- Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.465 [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992]:cat.143 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:cat.521 [WOV 2003]:cat.753
- Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.1377 [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992]:cat.143
- Hellvi. SHM 22917. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.499
- Grötlingbo. SHM 32181. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.1629 Found in head region. Bhr 1966:08. [RUNDKVIST 2003]:p.186
- Hejnum. SHM 876. Copper Alloy, grave. Lost? [JENSEN 2010]:cat.1410
- Sanda. SHM 21187. Copper Alloy, stray. Part of an amulet set of a horse, sword, spear, chair & shield. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.1846
- Sweden, 5 finds, 4 of silver, 3 from women’s graves, c.750-975AD
- Edsberg. Silver, hoard [JENSEN 2010]:cat.570
- Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.968 [JENSEN 2010]:cat.847 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:cat.520 [WOV 2003]:cat.5288 [ARBMAN 1940]:Taf.92.14 (SHM Online) (Birka Burials Online)
- Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.844 [JENSEN 2010]:cat.829 (Birka Burials Online)
- Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.632. Part of a Treasure Necklace. [JENSEN 2010]:cat.798 (Birka Burials Online)
- Langlöt. Amber, grave [JENSEN 2010]:cat.1331
Discussion
Miniature wheels (V)
Silver or copper alloy
Archaeology
[JENSEN 2010]:p.63
- Denmark, 4 finds of copper alloy, 750-1100AD
- Skane, 1 find of silver, C10th
- Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, C10th
- Sweden, 3 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 found in women’s graves, 750-975AD
Discussion
Dated by Jensen to 900-950AD. [JENSEN 2010]:p.63
Capsules and “scare-men”
Archaeology
Discussion
Staff-rings
Archaeology
Discussion
Miniature sickles and scythes
Archaeology
Discussion
Crosses
Strike-a-lights
Archaeology
Discussion
[ROESDAHL & WILSON: 1992]
Legs
Lunulae
Archaeology
Discussion
Anchors
Shaped as an anchor. All are made from lead.
Archaeology
- 10 from Hedeby, unknown date but must be between 806-1066AD
- 1 from York, after 860AD
Discussion
Jensen makes a case for this style of pendent being a Hedeby local tradition. [JENSEN 2010]
Reference