Difference between revisions of "Pins"
m |
m (→References) |
||
(29 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
==Heads== | ==Heads== | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | The typology styles 1 to 6 are based on that by Nicola Rogers | + | The typology styles 1 to 6 are based on that by Nicola Rogers [Rogers 2009: p.33]. Styles 7 to 15 have been added by the author. The Irish-sea corpus is usually classified using O'Rahilly's typology [O'Rahilly 1973] summarised by Nicholson and Hill [Nicholson & Hill 1997:p.365]. Both types are included in italics under each heading.<br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ===1: Globular ( | + | ===1: Globular (spherical, ball)=== |
+ | '' Rogers - Type 1; O'Rahilly - Type a (Round)''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#York|York]] | * England [[S-S#York|York]] | ||
Line 51: | Line 27: | ||
Originate in the early Anglo-Saxon period [OTTAWAY 1992: p.693]. A long lived type – impossible to separate roman from post roman on typology [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950]. The Flixborough examples date from AD 650-1000.<br> | Originate in the early Anglo-Saxon period [OTTAWAY 1992: p.693]. A long lived type – impossible to separate roman from post roman on typology [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950]. The Flixborough examples date from AD 650-1000.<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pin-Globular.jpg|Type | + | Pin-Globular.jpg|Type: Globular |
+ | Kings Lynn Pin - Grimston 1992.222.3 49.jpg | ||
Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37a.JPG|Kings Lynn | Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37a.JPG|Kings Lynn | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Line 57: | Line 34: | ||
===2: Polyhedral=== | ===2: Polyhedral=== | ||
+ | '' Rogers - Type 2''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#York|York]] | * England [[S-S#York|York]] | ||
Line 71: | Line 49: | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
Pin-Polyhedral.jpg|Type 2 Polyhedral | Pin-Polyhedral.jpg|Type 2 Polyhedral | ||
+ | YM C9th Pins and Brooch.JPG|York | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
===3: Biconical=== | ===3: Biconical=== | ||
+ | '' Rogers - Type 3; O'Rahilly - Type g (Club)''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]] | * England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]] | ||
Line 82: | Line 62: | ||
--<br> | --<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | Kings_Lynn_Pin_-_Sedgeford_50.JPG | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ===4: Spiral=== | + | |
+ | ===4: Spiral (Bifurcated)=== | ||
+ | '' Rogers - Type 4''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]] | * England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]] | ||
Line 91: | Line 74: | ||
--<br> | --<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pin-Spiral Fishergate.jpg|Type | + | Pin-Spiral Fishergate.jpg|Type: Spiral |
Kings Lynn Pin - 1978.196.61 48.JPG | Kings Lynn Pin - 1978.196.61 48.JPG | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Line 97: | Line 80: | ||
===5: Headless=== | ===5: Headless=== | ||
+ | '' Rogers - Type 5; O'Rahilly - Type e (Undifferentiated)''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#York|York]] | * England [[S-S#York|York]] | ||
Line 105: | Line 89: | ||
--<br> | --<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | Pin (Bone), Dublin NMI-E172.12327 (L6-21).JPG | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ===6: Flat | + | ===6: Flat (disc, trapezoid or conical)=== |
− | '' | + | '' Rogers - Types 6 (Disc), 7 (Triangular) & 8 (inverted conical); O'Rahilly - Types b (Squared), c (Disc), d (Rounded)''<br> |
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#York|York]] | * England [[S-S#York|York]] | ||
Line 120: | Line 105: | ||
--<br> | --<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pin-Flat Flixborough.jpg|Type | + | Pin-Flat Flixborough.jpg|Type: Flat |
− | Pin-Flat York.jpg|Type | + | Pin-Flat York.jpg|Type: Flat |
Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37b.JPG | Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37b.JPG | ||
+ | Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI-E172.9005 (L6-15).JPG | ||
+ | Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin High St. NMI-E43.1011 (L6-17).JPG | ||
+ | Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin High St. NMI-E71.10757 (L6-16).JPG | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 134: | Line 122: | ||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
--<br> | --<br> | ||
+ | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ===8: Pig fibulae=== | + | ===8: Linked=== |
+ | '' Rogers - Type LIN1, LIN2''<br> | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | * Scotland | ||
+ | ** Whithorn, 2 of Copper-alloy [Nicholson & Hill 1997]:p.369 nos.4 & 5 | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===9: Miscellaneous=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | * - | ||
+ | ** - | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | Pin w. glass head (Copper-alloy), Drumiller NMI-1876.97 (R7-33).JPG|Drumiller Ireland | ||
+ | Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin St John's Lane NMI-E43.551(L6-13).JPG|Dublin | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===10: Pig fibulae=== | ||
+ | '' Rogers - Type B2''<br> | ||
''...... including pins that have perforated heads much in the same manner as a needle but have heads that are deemed to be too large to pass through cloth.''<br> | ''...... including pins that have perforated heads much in the same manner as a needle but have heads that are deemed to be too large to pass through cloth.''<br> | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England [[S-S#York|York]] | * England [[S-S#York|York]] | ||
− | ** 10 finds of unperforated pig fibulae [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950] | + | ** York, 61 finds of perforated pig fibulae and 10 finds of unperforated pig fibulae [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950] |
− | ** | + | ** Flixborough, 8 finds [Rogers 2009:p.39-40] |
+ | |||
'''Discussion'''<br> | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
Many more could be included from York if bone needles with smaller heads were to be included.<br> | Many more could be included from York if bone needles with smaller heads were to be included.<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pig Fibulae.jpg|Type | + | Pig Fibulae.jpg|Type: Pig Fibulae |
+ | Pins (Bone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-21).JPG|Dublin | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | === | + | ===11: Zoomorphic=== |
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* England, York, 5 finds, 1 of bone, 4 of unknown. [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1949] | * England, York, 5 finds, 1 of bone, 4 of unknown. [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1949] | ||
Line 162: | Line 180: | ||
MacGregor notes that the pins found at Jarlshof must have been made in a local workshop [MACGREGOR 2005:p.119]<br> | MacGregor notes that the pins found at Jarlshof must have been made in a local workshop [MACGREGOR 2005:p.119]<br> | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pin Zoomorphic York.jpg|Type | + | Pin Zoomorphic York.jpg|Type: Zoomorphic |
+ | Pins (Bone), Dublin Christchurch Pl., Winetavern St. NMI (R12-23).JPG|Dublin | ||
+ | Pins (Bone), Dublin Christchurch Pl., Winetavern St. NMI (R12-24).JPG|Dublin | ||
+ | Pin (Bone), Dublin NMI-E172.- (L6-22).JPG|Dublin | ||
Hedeby Pin Dragon.JPG|Hedeby | Hedeby Pin Dragon.JPG|Hedeby | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | === | + | ===12: Shaped=== |
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
:- | :- | ||
Line 173: | Line 194: | ||
:- | :- | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | NMS Jarlshof Pin (Bone) X.HSA 130.JPG|Jarlshof | ||
+ | Pins (Bone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-22).JPG|Dublin | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | === | + | ===13: Large disk=== |
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | :- | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | :- | ||
+ | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
+ | Disc-headed pin (Gilt copper-alloy), Gallen NMI-W.306 (R7-22).JPG|Ireland | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===14: Wide=== | ||
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
* - | * - | ||
Line 182: | Line 215: | ||
: - | : - | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | Pin Ringerike BM 1893,0618.72.jpg|Type | + | Pin Ringerike BM 1893,0618.72.jpg|Type: Wide |
− | Pin Ringerike Trondheim, Norway.jpg|Type | + | Pin Ringerike Trondheim, Norway.jpg|Type: Wide |
+ | Pin (Whalebone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-34).JPG|Dublin Whalebone | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | === | + | ===15: Filigree ball=== |
'''Archaeology'''<br> | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
:England, Kent: Gilton Ash | :England, Kent: Gilton Ash | ||
Line 196: | Line 230: | ||
:- | :- | ||
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Silver Pin - Ballinaby Grave 2 (Anderson 1880).JPG|Ballinaby | Silver Pin - Ballinaby Grave 2 (Anderson 1880).JPG|Ballinaby | ||
+ | NMS Ballinaby Pin (Silver).JPG|Ballinaby | ||
+ | Ashmolean Pin - Gilton Ash, Kent (AN1942.216)-03-.jpg|Gilton Ash | ||
+ | Hedeby Silver Pin.JPG|Hedeby | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Shanks== | ||
+ | ===Introduction=== | ||
+ | Many pins have been excavated with a bend in the shank. Halpin has put forth the theory that this may be a deliberate feature and may has assisted the pin in keeping two pieces of cloth together.<br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Round=== | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
+ | ===Round with a Swelling=== | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
+ | ===Round with a Square Section=== | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
+ | ===Square=== | ||
+ | --<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 211: | Line 260: | ||
{{Ref|Macgregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999}} | {{Ref|Macgregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999}} | ||
{{Ref|Morris 2000}} | {{Ref|Morris 2000}} | ||
+ | {{Ref|Nicholson & Hill 1997}} | ||
{{Ref|Ottaway 1992}} | {{Ref|Ottaway 1992}} | ||
{{Ref|Owen-Crocker 2004}} | {{Ref|Owen-Crocker 2004}} | ||
+ | {{Ref|Rogers 2009|x}} | ||
<HarvardReferences /> | <HarvardReferences /> | ||
[[Category:Fastenings]] | [[Category:Fastenings]] |
Latest revision as of 19:51, 21 February 2017
Introduction
Pins were probably the most common form of cloak fastening in the Viking Age [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:p.30
Pins classed as dress pins could have been used for a number of purposes including fastening cloaks, securing hair styles or as stylus. [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1949.
[OWEN-CROCKER 2004]
Morris makes the point that wooden pins would not have had the strength of pins made from other materials but would have been quicker and easier to make. [MORRIS 2000]:p.2309
Hinton points out that there are 'practically' no small dress items made of precious metals after the C10th [HINTON 2005]:p.166.
Heads
The typology styles 1 to 6 are based on that by Nicola Rogers [Rogers 2009]:p.33. Styles 7 to 15 have been added by the author. The Irish-sea corpus is usually classified using O'Rahilly's typology [O'Rahilly 1973] summarised by Nicholson and Hill [Nicholson & Hill 1997:p.365]. Both types are included in italics under each heading.
1: Globular (spherical, ball)
Rogers - Type 1; O'Rahilly - Type a (Round)
Archaeology
- England York
- 6 of iron. 2 with pellets attached to the globular heads [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.693-695
- 14 of bone [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1948-1949
- England Flixborough
- 78 of copper alloy [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
- 10 of silver [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.70-72
- 33 of iron. 12 with lead heads, 2 with glass heads, 19 with iron heads [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.74-77
- Scotland Ballinaby, Islay. silver ball headed pin in a woman's grave. [HINTON 2005]:p.124
Discussion
Originate in the early Anglo-Saxon period [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.693. A long lived type – impossible to separate roman from post roman on typology [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1950. The Flixborough examples date from AD 650-1000.
2: Polyhedral
Rogers - Type 2
Archaeology
- England York
- 2 of iron [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.693
- 1 of wood [MORRIS 2000]:p.2309
- England Flixbourgh
- 66 of copper alloy [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
- 1 of silver [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.70-72
- 17 of iron [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.74-75
- Ireland, Lagore Crannog, 1 of wood
- Iceland, Hafurbjarnarstađir. 15cm long silver pin. [HAYEUR SMITH 2003]:p.143-175 cst.13667
Discussion
Originate in the middle Anglo-Saxon period [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.693
3: Biconical
Rogers - Type 3; O'Rahilly - Type g (Club)
Archaeology
- England Flixbourgh
- 79 of copper alloy [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
- 20 of iron [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.76-77
Discussion
--
4: Spiral (Bifurcated)
Rogers - Type 4
Archaeology
- England Flixbourgh
- 14 of copper alloy [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
Discussion
--
5: Headless
Rogers - Type 5; O'Rahilly - Type e (Undifferentiated)
Archaeology
- England York
- York, 2 finds of iron [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.695, Cat.3807,3810
- England Flixbourgh
- 67 of copper alloy [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
Discussion
--
6: Flat (disc, trapezoid or conical)
Rogers - Types 6 (Disc), 7 (Triangular) & 8 (inverted conical); O'Rahilly - Types b (Squared), c (Disc), d (Rounded)
Archaeology
- England York
- 2 finds of iron with spirally twisted shanks [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.696, cat.3804,3809
- 1 find of bone, disk shaped, late C10th.
- England Flixbourgh
- 18 of copper alloy Types 6 & 7 [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.33
- 1 of silver - disc shaped [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.70-72
Discussion
--
7: Flat perforated head
Pins that have perforated heads much in the same manner as a needle but have heads that are deemed to be too large to pass through cloth.
Archaeology
- England York
- 2 finds of iron [OTTAWAY 1992]:p.695 Cat.3808,3812
- 13 of bone, 2 of antler [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1951
Discussion
--
8: Linked
Rogers - Type LIN1, LIN2
Archaeology
- Scotland
- Whithorn, 2 of Copper-alloy [Nicholson & Hill 1997]:p.369 nos.4 & 5
Discussion
--
9: Miscellaneous
Archaeology
- -
- -
Discussion
--
10: Pig fibulae
Rogers - Type B2
...... including pins that have perforated heads much in the same manner as a needle but have heads that are deemed to be too large to pass through cloth.
Archaeology
- England York
- York, 61 finds of perforated pig fibulae and 10 finds of unperforated pig fibulae [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1950
- Flixborough, 8 finds [Rogers 2009]:p.39-40
Discussion
Many more could be included from York if bone needles with smaller heads were to be included.
11: Zoomorphic
Archaeology
- England, York, 5 finds, 1 of bone, 4 of unknown. [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1949
- Scotland, Jarlshof. 4 completed bone pins with dragon head aligned to the shaft with open mouths and two part made pins. [MACGREGOR 1985]:p.119[MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1949[HAYEUR SMITH 2003]:p.173.
- Iceland, Ymaberg. Bone, dragon head with open mouth, 16.3cm long [HAYEUR SMITH 2003]:p.173 cat.11296.
- Denmark, Hedeby.
- Frisian
- Scandinavia, 6 finds
- Flixbourgh, 4 of silver [EVANS & LOVELUCK 2009]:p.70-72
Discussion
Dated to the 9th or 10th century but may have continued into the 12th in Sweden [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999]:p.1949.
MacGregor notes that the pins found at Jarlshof must have been made in a local workshop [MACGREGOR 2005:p.119]
12: Shaped
Archaeology
- -
Discussion
- -
13: Large disk
Archaeology
- -
Discussion
- -
14: Wide
Archaeology
- -
Discussion
- -
15: Filigree ball
Archaeology
- England, Kent: Gilton Ash
- Scotland, Ballinaby
- Denmark (old), Thunby-Bienebek [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980]:cat.207
- Denmark (old), Hedeby
Discussion
- -
Shanks
Introduction
Many pins have been excavated with a bend in the shank. Halpin has put forth the theory that this may be a deliberate feature and may has assisted the pin in keeping two pieces of cloth together.
Round
--
Round with a Swelling
--
Round with a Square Section
--
Square
--
References