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{{Stars1Stars2|Category = Necklaces|Typology = Amulet Typology|TypologyFile = Amulets.png}}{{Necklace}}{{MajorRef|Jensen 2010}} Amulets are classed as protective items and usually are in the shape of a specific object.<br>[[CategoryPendants]] may or may not be protective items and are generally more stylistic or are items that have been repurposed. <br> ==Thor's Hammers==See main article:[[Thor's Hammers]]<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Ha85.jpg|England, CuerdaleNorwich-Thors Hammer-3.JPG|England, NorwichNorwich-Thors Hammer-4-7.JPG|England, NorwichR679.jpg|NorwayM624.JPG|SwedenNorwich-Thors Hammer-1.JPG|England, NorwichNorwich-Thors Hammer-2.JPG|England, NorwichHedeby Thors hammer.JPG|Denmark, HedebyHedeby_Amber_Thors_hammer.JPG|Denmark, HedebyM626.jpg|Sweden</gallery><br> ==Valkyrie and other Human Amulets ==See main article: [[Valkyrie and other Human Amulets]]<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">PAS_Valkyrie_LEIC-C58A13.jpg|PASPAS_Valkyrie_SF9305.jpg|PASNorwich-Valkyrie-1.JPG|England, NorwichHedeby_Brooch_Valkeyrie.JPG|Denmark, HedebyNorwich-Valkyrie-2.JPG|England, NorwichPAS_Valkyrie_SF10754.jpg|PAS</gallery><br> ==Miniature Weapons== ===Miniature axes==='''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ===Miniature spears==='''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ===Miniature swords==='''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Hedeby_Amulet_Sword.JPG</gallery><br> ==Other animal figurines=='''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Snake figurines ([[V]]/[[F]])== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010: p.37-39]* England, 1 find of jet* Ireland, 3 finds, 2 of wood, 1 of stone* Denmark, 4 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 1 unknown, 1 from a woman’s grave* Norway, 4 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 of gold, 1 of jet, 3 from women’s graves* Sweden, 3 finds of silver, 2 found in women’s graves'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">R690.jpg</gallery><br> ==Miniature shields ([[V]]/[[F]])== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010: p.49-51]* Denmark, 23 finds, 11 of copper alloy,11 of silver, 1 of unknown * Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave ** Norway, Hedmark: Flagstad Parish [http://www.unimus.no/artefacts/khm/86370/?f=html Universitetsmuseene]* Scania (Sweden), 4 finds of silver * Sweden, 38 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 37 of silver, 18 from women’s grave * Gotland (Sweden), 6 finds, 3 of copper alloy, 3 of silver [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18]* Russia, 7 finds * Arland (Finland), 1 find '''Discussion'''<br>Arwidsson has described the finds from Birka: 16 were found all of silver. 15 from women’s graves and one from a child’s grave. Dated to the mid C10th to mid C11th. 8 were found between oval brooches and 5 as part of bead necklaces. They seem to be a Swedish / Danish item and are interpreted as symbolic miniature shields always with a clockwise whorl. Some even have signs that the makers have tried to incorporate a shield grip on the reverse. [ARWIDSSON 1989: p.9-18] [ARBMAN 1940: pl.97]<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Birka_shield_amulet_Gr.954.jpg|Birka Gr.954Birka_shield_amulet_Gr.817.jpg|Birka Gr.817</gallery><br> ==Bowls, sieves and spoons== ===Bowls ([[V]]/[[F]])=== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010]* Denmark, 2 finds of silver, 1 from a woman’s grave* Norway, 8 finds of gold all from Hoen hoard* Sweden, 12 finds, 10 of silver, 2 of lead, 9 from women’s graves* Gotland, 2 finds of silver'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ===Sieves=== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010]* Norway, 4 finds, 3 of gold from the Hoen hoard, 1 of silver* Sweden, 1 find of silver* Gotland, 5 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 3 of silver'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ===Spoons=== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010]* Gotland, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Chairs ([[V]])== '''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010: p.58-61]* Denmark, 4 finds of silver, 2 found in woman’s graves, C10th** Gravlev sogn. Silver, Hoard [JENSEN 2010:cat.115] ** Bornholms amt. Silver, Hoards [JENSEN 2010:cat.181] ** Års sogn. Silver, Hoard [JENSEN 2010:cat.206] ** Nørre Onsild sogn. Silver, Woman's grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.207] *Germany** Hedeby. Silver, grave. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 187]* Gotland, 6 finds, 2 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 of amber, 1 from a male grave, c.1000AD** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.465] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.143] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.521] [WOV 2003:cat.753]** Fölhagen, Björke. SHM 3547. Silver, Hoard. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1377] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.143] ** Hellvi. SHM 22917. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.499] ** Grötlingbo. SHM 32181. Amber, grave. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1629] Found in head region. Bhr 1966:08. [RUNDKVIST 2003:p.186]** Hejnum. SHM 876. Copper Alloy, grave. Lost? [JENSEN 2010:cat.1410] ** Sanda. SHM 21187. Copper Alloy, stray. Part of an amulet set of a horse, sword, spear, chair & shield. [JENSEN 2010:cat.1846] * Sweden, 5 finds, 4 of silver, 3 from women’s graves, c.750-975AD** Edsberg. Silver, hoard [JENSEN 2010:cat.570]** Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.968 [JENSEN 2010:cat.847] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.520] [WOV 2003:cat.5288] [ARBMAN 1940:Taf.92.14] [http://www.historiska.se/historia/manadensforemal/2008/Sejdhallen---en-biljett-till-varlden/ (SHM Online)] [http://mis.historiska.se/mis/sok/kontext.asp?kid=1152 (Birka Burials Online)]** Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.844 [JENSEN 2010:cat.829] [http://mis.historiska.se/mis/sok/kontext.asp?kid=1033 (Birka Burials Online)]** Birka. SHM 34000. Silver, grave Bj.632. Part of a [[Treasure Necklaces|Treasure Necklace]]. [JENSEN 2010:cat.798] [http://mis.historiska.se/mis/sok/kontext.asp?kid=834 (Birka Burials Online)]** Langlöt. Amber, grave [JENSEN 2010:cat.1331]'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Hedeby_Amulet_Chair_1.JPG</gallery><br> ==Miniature wheels ([[V]])==Silver or copper alloy<br>'''Archaeology'''<br>[JENSEN 2010: p.63]* Denmark, 4 finds of copper alloy, 750-1100AD* Skane, 1 find of silver, C10th * Norway, 2 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 1 of silver, C10th* Sweden, 3 finds, 1 of copper alloy, 2 of silver, 2 found in women’s graves, 750-975AD'''Discussion'''<br>Dated by Jensen to 900-950AD. [JENSEN 2010: p.63]<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Capsules and “scare-men”== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Staff-rings== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Miniature sickles and scythes== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Crosses== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Hedeby_Cross_1.JPG|Denmark, HedebyHedeby_Cross_2.JPG|Denmark, HedebyHedeby_Cross_3.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby</gallery><br> ==Strike-a-lights== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br>[ROESDAHL & WILSON: 1992]<gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Legs== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Hedeby Amulet Amber Leg.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby</gallery><br> ==Lunulae== '''Archaeology'''<br>'''Discussion'''<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;"></gallery><br> ==Anchors==Shaped as an anchor. All are made from lead.<br>'''Archaeology'''<br>* 10 from Hedeby, unknown date but must be between 806-1066AD* 1 from York, after 860AD'''Discussion'''<br>Jensen makes a case for this style of pendent being a Hedeby local tradition. [JENSEN 2010]<br><gallery mode=Packed heights=120px style="Padding-left:30px; text-align:left;">Hedeby_Amulet_Anchor.JPG|Denmark, Hedeby</gallery><br> ==Reference=={{Ref|Arbman 1940}}{{Ref|Graham-Campbell 1980}}{{Ref|Jensen 2010}}{{Ref|PAS}}{{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}}{{Ref|Rundkvist 2003}}{{Ref|WOV 2003}} <HarvardReferences />
