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{{stars1stars2|Category = Rings}}{{Rings}}
A great number of rings – for the neck, the arm and the finger have been found in areas of Viking occupation. Owen-Crocker states that she thinks that these rings were a more popular form of adornment for Viking women than the wearing of beads [OWEN-CROCKER 2004: p.165] <br>
It does not appear that the wearing of Neck- and arm-rings continued into the 11th century in Scotland. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL and & BATEY 1998: p.237]<br>
Gold was mainly found as finger rings due to cost<br>
'''Literature'''<br>
*"The women wear neck rings of gold and silver, one for each 10,000 dirhems which her husband is worth; some women have many." Ibn Fadlan 'Account of the Rus'<br>
===SolidRod===
9th Century southern Scandinavian.<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
'''Discussion'''<br>
The spiral ring found along side the neck ring found at Il-lebolleIllebolle, Langeland, Denmark proves that these rings could be cut up and then worn on the arm. [ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 147].<br><galleryheights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
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===IntertwinedPlaited===
Thin intertwined metal strands fabricated from (usually two or three) wires of constant thickness. A number of such metal strands are then laid next to each other to form the major motif of the ring.<br>
<galleryheights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:Neck Ring Skaill (10).JPGM616.jpgM618.jpg
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===Twisted===
The motif is formed from a single twist of wires. In this case the wires are relatively thick and typically constructed with slowly varying thickness.<br>
<galleryheights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R708.jpg
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===EmbellishedTwisted===
The motif of thick twisted wires is embellished by a thin wire or a thin twisted wire<br>
<galleryheights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
File:R703.jpg
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==Arm rings [V]==
All of the styles used as neck rings are also found in a smaller form as arm rings. These are described above under neck rings<br>
===SolidRod===Date:860-1000AD Norway; 950-1000AD Sweden & Denmark; 950-1050AD Gotland.<gallerybr>FileThe earliest find of a rod arm ring is from the Norwegian Hon hoard [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4] and dated after c.860 [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:p.143 cat.486]. This type of arm ring does not begin to occur commonly in other parts of Scandinavia until after the middle of the 10th century where it becomes common after 975AD in southern Swedish, Gotlandic and Danish hoards. It remains common in Gotlandic hoards well into the 11th century [SHEEHAN 1992:fig.4]<br><gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">R707.jpgFile:R709.jpgFile:R715R712.jpgM602.jpgM610.jpg
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===IntertwinedPlaited===<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
File:R704.jpg
File:R706.jpg
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===Twisted===
<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R705.jpgFile:R716.jpgM615.jpgM617.jpg
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===EmbellishedTwisted===<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R713.jpgFile:R714.jpgM608.jpg
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===Danish Hiberno- PlateNorse – Coiled arm-ring===Date880-930AD [SHEEHAN 1992: C9thp.47]<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* DenmarkIreland, Rabylille, Sjaelland. Tree of life 26 finds [ROESDHAL SHEEHAN 1992:cat. 145]* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland.[ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 147]'''Discussion'''<br>The Illebolle example was found in Denmark with a solid neck ring and two coiled arm rings[ROESDHAL 1992gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align:cat. 147]<brleft;"><gallery>File:Arm Ring from Rabylille, Sjaelland, Denmark.jpg
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===Danish Hiberno- Coiled armNorse (Scots-ringNorse) - Ring Money===Date: C9th'''Archaeology'''950AD to 1065AD<br>* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland. Tree of life possibly originating in Ireland [ROESDHAL 1992:cat. 147GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & BATEY 1998]'''Discussion'''<br>Made from cut up solid neck rings [ROESDHAL 1992:catSHEEHAN & Ó Corráin 2010, p. 14725].<br><galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:Arm Ring - Skaill (25).JPG
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===Gotlandic ?Wire===Gold armlet from Virginia, Co. Cavan. British Museum. [BOE 1940: p.104]<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R721M609.jpg
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===HibernoDanish -Norse – Broad-band arm-ringPlate===Hiberno-Viking – 850 to 940ADDate: C9th<br>Also '''Archaeology'''<br>* Denmark, Rabylille, Sjaelland. Tree of life [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 145]* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland.[ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]'''Discussion'''<br>The Illebolle example was found in Denmark with a solid neck ring and Norway two coiled arm rings[GRAHAM-CAMPBELL and SHEEHAN 1995ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]<br><galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R711.jpgFile:R717.jpgFile:R718Arm Ring from Rabylille, Sjaelland, Denmark.jpg
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===Hiberno-Norse (Scots-Norse) - Ring MoneyBand Shaped===950AD to 1065AD<br>possibly originating in Ireland [GRAHAMgallery heights=120px mode="Packed-CAMPBELL and BATEY 1998]<brhover" style="text-align: left;">[SHEEHAN and Ó Corráin 2010, pFile:R711.25]<br><gallery>jpg
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===Hiberno-Norse – Coiled armBroad-ringband===880850-930AD 950AD [SHEEHAN 19922011: p.4794]<br>Sheehan defines them as consisting of a thick band of silver, decorated with bar-shaped punches, usually with a cross in the expanded central area and again towards the terminals that are usually (but not always) pennanular in shape [SHEEHAN 2011:p.94]. <br> A total of 350 finds from the British Isles [SHEEHAN 2011:p.94]. Also found in Denmark and Norway [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL & SHEEHAN 1995]<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
*Ireland, 26 140 finds [SHEEHAN 19922011]*England**Curdale Hoard (c.905-910AD). 127 finds, consisting of 7 complete, 2 in 2 pieces and 118 fragments. [SHEEHAN 2011:p.95]<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">File:R717.jpgFile:R718.jpg
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===Hiberno-Norse – Lozenge arm-ringDeep Transverse Grooves===900The most typical group of Scandinavian arm rings in use from the late Vendel period to the Viking Age [GRAHAM-950AD [SHEEHAN 1992CAMPBELL 1980: pcat.47227].<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
*IrelandDenmark, 12 finds Brahesminde, Fyn, Denmark. Silver [SHEEHAN 1992GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980: pcat.47227]*Sweden, Birka. Bronze [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.228]<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">R721.jpgM599.jpgM600.jpg
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===Wire arm-ringMassive=== Gold armlet from Virginia, Co. Cavan. British Museum. (BØE 1940, p.104)<galleryheights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">R715.jpgM597.jpgM598.jpg
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===Swedish – Rod arm-ringSpiral===Date: C9th<br>Only found in Denmark and Gotland and probably imported from the Bulgar state on the central Volga [SHEEHAN ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:p.265 cat.147]<br>'''Archaeology'''<gallerybr>
* Denmark, Illebolle, Langeland. Tree of life [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat. 147]'''Discussion'''</gallerybr>I wonder if these cold have been made from the solid rod style of neck ring?<br>
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<gallery heights=120px mode="Packed-hover" style=Swedish "text- Coiled arm-ring===align: left;"><gallery>M611.jpgM640.jpg
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===Jet===
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== References ==
{{Ref|Boe 1940}}
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell & Sheehan 1995}}
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell & Batey 1998}}
{{Ref|Olsen & Bohr 2010}}
{{Ref|Owen-Crocker 2004}}
{{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}}
{{Ref|Sheenhan 1992}}
{{Ref|Sheehan 2011}}
<HarvardReferences />
