==From Literature==
*Capitulary of Charles the Bald<br!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===Bede – Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 731AD===
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“Let our envoys (missi nostril) see "His [King Edwin] dignity was so great throughout his dominions, that the troops not only were his banners borne before him in battle, but even in time of every bishoppeace, abbotwhen he rode about his cities, and abbesstownships, march forth properly equippedor provinces, and with their Gonfalonier (cum Guntfannonario)his thegns, the standard-bearer was always wont to go before him. Also, when he walked anywhere along the streets, that sort of banner which the Romans call Tufa, and the English, Thuuf, was in like manner borne before him.” <br>
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[Hewitt 1885: p.166Project Gutenberg 2011]
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*Wace (Line 11,450)<br>
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“L’Apostoile". Un gonfanon li enveia..that there might be a perpetual memorial of the royal character of this holy man [King Oswald], they hung up over the monument his banner of gold and purple."|Osthryth, queen of the Mercians [Project Gutenberg 2011]}}<br><!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===Capitulary of Charles the Bald, 843-877AD==={{Quote|50|“Let our envoys (missi nostril) see that the troops of every bishop, abbot, and abbess, march forth properly equipped, and with their Gonfalonier (cum Guntfannonario).”
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[Hewitt 1885: p.166]
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*Beowulf<br> <!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===Beowulf, c.1000AD===
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"High o'er his head they hoist the standard,<br>
a gold-wove banner; let billows take him,<br>
gave him to ocean."<br>
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[Fordham.edu]
"To Beowulf gave the bairn of Healfdene<br>
a gold-wove banner, guerdon of triumph,<br>
broidered battle-flag"<br>
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[Fordham.edu]
"His glance too fell on a gold-wove banner<br>
high o'er the hoard, of handiwork noblest,<br>
brilliantly broidered; so bright its gleam,"<br>
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[Fordham.edu]
}}
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*Bede – Ecclesiastical History of England<br!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===Master Wace, The Chronicle of the Norman Conquest (Roman de Rou), c.1174===
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"His [King Edwin] dignity was so great throughout his dominions“When Harold had made all ready, that not only were and given his banners borne before him in battleorders, but even in time he came into the midst of peacethe English,when he rode about his citiesand dismounted by the side of the standard, townshipsLeofwin and Gurth, or provinces, with his thegnsbrothers, the standard-bearer was always wont to go before were with him. Also; and around him he had barons enough, when as he walked anywhere along the streetsstood by his gonfanon, that sort of banner which the Romans call Tufawas in truth a noble one, sparkling with gold and precious stones. After the Englishvictory William sent it to the apostle, Thuuf, was in like manner borne before himto prove and commemorate his great conquest and glory. <br>”
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[Project Gutenberg 2011PICKERING 1837]
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"...that there might be a perpetual memorial of the royal character of this holy man [King Oswald]“L’apostoile li otreia, they hung up over the monument his banner of gold and purple."un gonfanon li enveia, un gonfanon et un anel, mult precios e riche e bel; si come it dit, desoz la pierre, aveit un des cheveuls Saint Pierre”
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OsthrythLine 11, queen of the Mercians 450 [Project Gutenberg 2011MICHEL 1836: p.147]Charlemagne: An Anglo-Norman Poem of the Twelfth Century edited by Francisque Michel 1836}}<br>
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==Late Roman Draco Standards==
