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{{Stars2|Category=Weapons}}
{{Spears}}
This article contains quotes from primary sources that mention banners. It is not complete and additional quotes will be added as discovered. <br>
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==Capitulary of Charles the Bald, 843-877AD==
*
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">“Let our envoys (missi nostril) see that the troops of every bishop, abbot, and abbess, march forth properly equipped, and with their '''Gonfalonier''' (cum Guntfannonario).” [HEWITT 18851855: p.166]
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==The Song of Roland, 1040-115AD1115AD==
*Verse 8
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"And Geoffrey of Anjou, the bearer of the King's '''gonfalon'''" [BACON 1914]
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">'''White and blue and vermilion were the gonfalons they bore'''." [BACON 1914]
*Verse 11482:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"And from their gold wrought helmets a blazing light did dance on shield and broidered hauberk, on '''pennant''' and on lance." [BACON 1914] *Verse 92:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"With all his armor on him that became him well indeed.:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">He bore the good spear in his hand with the point unto the height. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Upon the summit of the spear was laced a '''pennant white'''." [BACON 1914] *Verse 95:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Therewith the shield he shattered, and the hauberk all to-broke. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Through the side the '''pennant-fringes''' were driven at the stroke." [BACON 1914] *Verse 110:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"What store of spears were shattered and drenched in the blood! How many '''gonfalons and flags''' were tattered in the fray." [BACON 1914] *Verse 113:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Blazing were all their helmets with precious stones and gold. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">'''Pennants''' and spears and bucklers and broidered coats had they and seven thousand war-horns were bellowing for the fray." [BACON 1914] *Verse 114a
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Then '''an embroidered banner''' he gave unto Grandoign <br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">To lead his men against the Franks that battle they might join. <br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">And therewithal was given to Grandoign the whole command." [BACON 1914]
*Verse 114b:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Down he rode through the valley as swiftly as might be. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">His '''gonfalon''' was fastened with three fair nails of gold" [BACON 1914] *Verse 117:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"He shattered all the buckler, :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">through the hauberk did he shear. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">He thrust into the body the '''pennant''' of the spear." [BACON 1914] *Verse 120:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"He thrust into the body his '''azure battle-flag'''. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">And dead he struck Count Gerin beside a mighty crag." [BACON 1914] *Verse 126:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"To rally men in battle the Dragon aye he bore." [BACON 1914] *Verse 138:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"The Emperor his war-horns forthwith he let them peal. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">From the steeds the Franks dismounted and girded on the steel. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">The hauberks and the helmets and the great swords of gold, :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">and splendid shields and lances heavy and strong they hold, :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">with the '''vermilion gonfalons, and the azure and the white'''. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">There mounted on the chargers of the army every knight." [BACON 1914] *Verse 139:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"And all the armor of the host was flashing in the sun. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">The hauberks and the helmets shone with a mighty glare, :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">and likewise the good bucklers with flowers painted fair, :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">and gleaming were the lances and the '''gonfalons of gold'''." [BACON 1914] *Verse 218:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"They deem there will be a battle, if they come upon the foe. :<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Down over their bright helmets the '''gonfalons''' hang low." [BACON 1914] *Verse 223:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Aloft they bore the lances. Laced were the '''flags of war'''" [BACON 1914] **Verse 226
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"And onwards Geoffrey of Anjou bore the great '''Oriflame''' — <br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Because it was Saint Peter's, it bore the Roman name." [BACON 1914]
:Note: Oriflame was the name of Charlemagne's banner
*Verse 237
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Baligant the Amiral was a gallant man of might. He had his '''Dragon borne before, and Termagant's ensign'''" [BACON 1914]
*Verse 239
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"It was Amboire of Olifern who bore his '''gonfalon'''." [BACON 1914]
*Verse 241
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"But when the Emperor Charlemagne the Amiral surveyed, And the '''Dragon and the ensign and the standard''' there displayed." [BACON 1914]
*Verse 244
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"And shattered all the byrnie. And furthermore he ran his '''gonfalon''' right through the midst of the body of the man." [BACON 1914]
*Verse 249
(Deeds of the Dukes of the Normans)<br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"Ragnar Lothbroc saga: Ragnar Lothbroc got a magic shirt from his wife Aslaug and his daughters are said to have woven a magic raven banner" - GET SOURCE <br>
[Anglo-Norman Studies VI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1983 edited by Reginald Allen BrownBROWN 1984: p.116]
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==William of Poitiers, The Deeds of William, Duke of Normandy and King of England c.1071AD ==
(Gesta Willelmi ducis Normannorum et regis Anglorum) <br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"The duke therefore sought the favour of this apostle for the project he had in hand, and gladly received from him the gift of a banner as a pledge of the support of St Peter whereby he might the more confidently and safely attack his enemy." [DOUGLAS and & GREENAWAY 1995: p.227] <br>
<br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"He then advanced in good order with the papal banner which had been granted to him bourne aloft at the head of his troops." [DOUGLAS and & GREENAWAY 1995 :p.233]
<br>
Apparently mentions the fighting man standard being sent to Rome. - GET SOURCE
==The Annals of St Neots (1120-1140AD)==
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">""<br>
Although written in the C12th, The Annals of St Neots was based in part on a now missing early version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. [SWANTON2000]
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==Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum c.1129-c.1154==
* AD 752 Battle of Burford
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">“Ethelhun who led the West-Saxons, bearing the royal standard, a golden dragon, transfixed the standard-bearer of the enemy.” [BOHN 1853:p.130]
* AD 1016 Battle of Assandun
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">“King Edmund distinguished himself for his valour. For perceiving that the Danes were fighting with more than ordinary vigour, he quitted his royal station which, as was wont, he had taken between the dragon and the ensign called the Standard,....” [BOHN 1853:p.194]
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==William of Malmesbury, Chronicle of the Kings of England c.1125AD==
(Gesta Regum Anglorum)<br>
:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">“The king himself on foot, stood with his brother, near the '''standard'''; in order that, while all shared equal danger, none might think of retreating. This '''standard''' William sent, after the victory, to the pope; it was '''sumptuously embroidered, with gold and precious stones, in the form of a man fighting'''.” [GILES 1847:p.276]
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==Master Wace, The Chronicle of the Norman Conquest c.1174==
(Roman de Rou)<br>
==References==
{{Ref|Book=Bacon 1914}}
{{Ref|Book=Bohn 1853}}
{{Ref|Book=Brown 1984}}
{{Ref|Book=Chaney 1970}}
{{Ref|Book=Douglas & Greenaway 1995}}
{{Ref|Book=Giles 1847}}
{{Ref|Book=Giles 1848}}
{{Ref|Book=Gummere 1910}}
{{Ref|Book=Hewitt 1855}}
{{Ref|Book=Ingram 1912}}
{{Ref|Book=Laing 1907}}
{{Ref|Book=Morillo 1996}}
{{Ref|Book=Nelson 1991}}
{{Ref|Book=Reuter 1992}}
{{Ref|Book=Sellar 1907}}
{{Ref|Book=Stevenson 1904}}
{{Ref|Book=Swanton 2000}}
{{Ref|Book=Taylor 1837}}
<HarvardReferences />
[[Category:Literature]]
