Difference between revisions of "Belts (Men)"
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Jansson states that the Eastern style of belts should be worn in a double style at the front. [JANSSON 1986:p.103] | Jansson states that the Eastern style of belts should be worn in a double style at the front. [JANSSON 1986:p.103] | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===... with split ends=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | * York. double thinkness of leather, 45mm wide. Dated to the late C11th. Identified as one end of a sword belt. It has 2 60mm long slits cut into the belt towards its end. [Mould 2003:p.3367 cat.15611 fig.1691] | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | Mould repeats the theory that this kind of belt originated in Scandinavia or Germany during the C10th. Oakshott says that this kind of belt was popular in England during the 12th and 13th centuries. | ||
+ | [Mould 2003:p.3367] [OAKSHOTT 1994: fig.119] | ||
==Cloth Ties== | ==Cloth Ties== | ||
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}} | }} | ||
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==Strap Ends== | ==Strap Ends== | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[File:Strap_Ends.png|Thumb|130x150px|Right|alt=Strap Ends]] | [[File:Strap_Ends.png|Thumb|130x150px|Right|alt=Strap Ends]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Long hanging strap ends=== | ||
+ | '''Art'''<br> | ||
+ | * BL Harley 2886 1000-1100AD France | ||
===Strap End Typology=== | ===Strap End Typology=== | ||
The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research | The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research | ||
− | {| class="wikitable" | + | {| class="wikitable" style="Text-align: center; " |
<!--|+ Thomas Typology of Anglo-Saxon Strap Ends--> | <!--|+ Thomas Typology of Anglo-Saxon Strap Ends--> | ||
− | ! scope="col" width="80" | + | ! scope="col" width="80" |Class |
− | ! scope="col" width="150 | + | ! scope="col" width="150" |Avg. Length (mm) |
− | ! scope="col" width="150 | + | ! scope="col" width="150" |Avg. Width (mm) |
− | ! scope="col" width="80" | + | ! scope="col" width="80" |% of finds |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| A |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 42.3 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 12.2 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| 63 |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| B |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 43.6 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 9.5 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| C |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 44.4 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 4.3 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| D |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 47.9 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 8.8 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| E |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 43.5 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 20.6 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| 16 |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| F |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 47.5 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 12.6 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| G |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 45.9 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 11.8 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| H |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 41.6 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 15.3 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| I |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 35.5 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 9.6 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| J |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 29.1 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 10.2 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|- | |- | ||
− | <!--Class--> | + | <!--Class-->| K |
− | <!--Len-->| | + | <!--Len-->| 36.5 |
− | <!--Wid-->| | + | <!--Wid-->| 13.8 |
− | <!--%-->| | + | <!--%-->| |
|} | |} | ||
+ | ===Class A=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
− | + | ===Class B=== | |
− | + | '''Archaeology'''<br> | |
− | + | '''Discussion'''<br> | |
− | + | <gallery> | |
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | == Buckles == | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Possible uses other than on belts === | ||
+ | Baldrics<br> | ||
+ | Spurs<br> | ||
+ | Pouches<br> | ||
+ | Garters<br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Summary of Buckles=== | ||
+ | The following table is very much a work in progress and should not be used as reference in its current state. Where known the date range is supplied (guessed!) and the buckle materials suppled: I = Iron; C = Copper Alloy; B = Bone or Antler. Y means that the type exists but we are currently unsure of anymore details.<br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="Text-align: center; " | ||
+ | <!--|+ Typology of Anglo-Saxon Buckles--> | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Art Style | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Oval | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Rounded D | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Flat D | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Rectangle | ||
+ | ! scope="col" width="80" style="Text-align: center; "|Flat with Integral Plate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Plain | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->|800-100<br>I,C | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|800-1100<br>I,C | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Incised lines | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->| | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> |Y | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Ring & dot | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->|Y | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->|900-1100<br>C | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Biting Beasts | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|900-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Biting Beasts | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|900-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> |900-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Carolingian | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Winchester | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Borre | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->|850-950<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|850-950<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Ringerike | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->|1000-1100<br>C | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|1000-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->|1000-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->|1000-1100<br>Y | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Urnes | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|Y | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | <!--Art--> |style="text-align: left;"|Hiberno-Norse | ||
+ | <!--Oval-->| | ||
+ | <!--Roud-->|875-1025<br>C | ||
+ | <!--Flat-->| | ||
+ | <!--Rec--> | | ||
+ | <!--Intg-->| | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Plain=== | ||
+ | Long lived, from Roman to Middle ages (ROGERS 1993, p.1346). <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | *York | ||
+ | **iron [ROGERS 1993: p.1347 cat.5044] | ||
+ | **copper alloy [MAINMAN and ROGERS 2000: cat.10417] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Incised Lines=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Biting Beasts=== | ||
+ | 900-1100AD<br> | ||
+ | There seems to be 3 styles of these. | ||
+ | * Beasts abutting bar, protruding zoomorphic often found on outer edge | ||
+ | * No Protruding zoomorphic on outer edge | ||
+ | * Highly devolved beasts biting bar with transverse moulding | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | Mills dates this type to the C6th. Timeline originals date this from the C8th to the 10th<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Ring and Dot=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Carolomgian Style=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Winchester style=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Borre style=== | ||
+ | <'''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Ringerike style=== | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Urnes Style=== | ||
+ | 1050-1120AD<br> | ||
+ | Mills, 2001 late 11th Romanesque?<br> | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Hiberno-Norse Style=== | ||
+ | Hiberno-Norse? 8th / early 9th<br> | ||
+ | '''Archaeology'''<br> | ||
+ | * York [ROGERS 1993: p.1349 cat.5313] late 9th (style through to 10th/ early 11th) | ||
+ | * [Goodhall 1980b: 503, fig.263, 20 | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | [WELANDER, BATEY, and COWIE, 1987: p. 158]<br> | ||
+ | [REDKNAP 2000: p.75]<br> | ||
+ | '''Discussion'''<br> | ||
+ | <gallery> | ||
+ | </gallery> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== |
Revision as of 14:29, 26 March 2013
Belts (Men) |
---|
|
Leather Belts
800-899 | 900-979 | 980-1040 | 1041-1100 |
Optional [R] |
Art
--
Literature
--
Archaeology
- In Birka only 29 men's graves contained belt fittings of western style (no studs). 26 buckles, 16 strap ends and 2 strap hoops. In only 11 cases were the buckle and strap ends found together.[MALARSTEDT 1986]
- In Birka only 3 men's graves contained belt fittings of eastern style (with studs). Another possible 4th belt was found in a cremation. [JANSSON 1986]
Discussion
--
... with split ends
Archaeology
- York. double thinkness of leather, 45mm wide. Dated to the late C11th. Identified as one end of a sword belt. It has 2 60mm long slits cut into the belt towards its end. [Mould 2003:p.3367 cat.15611 fig.1691]
Discussion
Mould repeats the theory that this kind of belt originated in Scandinavia or Germany during the C10th. Oakshott says that this kind of belt was popular in England during the 12th and 13th centuries.
[Mould 2003:p.3367] [OAKSHOTT 1994: fig.119]
Cloth Ties
800-899 | 900-979 | 980-1040 | 1041-1100 |
Encouraged |
Art
--
Literature
--
Archaeology
--
Discussion
--
Strap Ends
Long hanging strap ends
Art
- BL Harley 2886 1000-1100AD France
Strap End Typology
The following section is abbreviated from Gabor Thomas’s [Thomas 2008] Finds Research
Class | Avg. Length (mm) | Avg. Width (mm) | % of finds |
---|---|---|---|
A | 42.3 | 12.2 | 63 |
B | 43.6 | 9.5 | |
C | 44.4 | 4.3 | |
D | 47.9 | 8.8 | |
E | 43.5 | 20.6 | 16 |
F | 47.5 | 12.6 | |
G | 45.9 | 11.8 | |
H | 41.6 | 15.3 | |
I | 35.5 | 9.6 | |
J | 29.1 | 10.2 | |
K | 36.5 | 13.8 |
Class A
Archaeology
Discussion
Class B
Archaeology
Discussion
Buckles
Possible uses other than on belts
Baldrics
Spurs
Pouches
Garters
Summary of Buckles
The following table is very much a work in progress and should not be used as reference in its current state. Where known the date range is supplied (guessed!) and the buckle materials suppled: I = Iron; C = Copper Alloy; B = Bone or Antler. Y means that the type exists but we are currently unsure of anymore details.
Art Style | Oval | Rounded D | Flat D | Rectangle | Flat with Integral Plate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plain | 800-100 I,C |
800-1100 I,C |
|||
Incised lines | Y | ||||
Ring & dot | Y | Y | 900-1100 C |
||
Biting Beasts | 900-1100 Y |
||||
Biting Beasts | 900-1100 Y |
900-1100 Y |
|||
Carolingian | Y | ||||
Winchester | Y | ||||
Borre | 850-950 Y |
850-950 Y |
|||
Ringerike | 1000-1100 C |
1000-1100 Y |
1000-1100 Y |
1000-1100 Y | |
Urnes | Y | ||||
Hiberno-Norse | 875-1025 C |
Plain
Long lived, from Roman to Middle ages (ROGERS 1993, p.1346).
Archaeology
- York
- iron [ROGERS 1993: p.1347 cat.5044]
- copper alloy [MAINMAN and ROGERS 2000: cat.10417]
Discussion
Incised Lines
Archaeology
Discussion
Biting Beasts
900-1100AD
There seems to be 3 styles of these.
- Beasts abutting bar, protruding zoomorphic often found on outer edge
- No Protruding zoomorphic on outer edge
- Highly devolved beasts biting bar with transverse moulding
Archaeology
Discussion
Mills dates this type to the C6th. Timeline originals date this from the C8th to the 10th
Ring and Dot
Archaeology
Discussion
Carolomgian Style
Archaeology
Discussion
Winchester style
Archaeology
Discussion
Borre style
<Archaeology
Discussion
Ringerike style
Archaeology
Discussion
Urnes Style
1050-1120AD
Mills, 2001 late 11th Romanesque?
Archaeology
Discussion
Hiberno-Norse Style
Hiberno-Norse? 8th / early 9th
Archaeology
- York [ROGERS 1993: p.1349 cat.5313] late 9th (style through to 10th/ early 11th)
- [Goodhall 1980b: 503, fig.263, 20
[WELANDER, BATEY, and COWIE, 1987: p. 158]
[REDKNAP 2000: p.75]
Discussion
See Also
References
- [Malarstedt 1986] Malarstedt,Hilkka. Uebriger Guertelzubehoer. In Birka II-2 Systematische Analysen der Graeberfunde. 1986
- [Jansson 1986] Jansson, Ingmar. Guertel und Guertelzubehoer vom Orientalischen Typ. In Birka II-2 Systematische Analysen der Graeberfunde. 1986