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| scope="col" width="1000" style="text-align: left;"|[[Completion Ratings|This article's completion rating is 1 out of 5]]
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| colspan="4" | Article planned for future work. No real progress to date
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==Self-bows==
''Bows in this period are classed as self-bows, being made from a single piece of D section wood, usually yew. Nocks are cut straight into the wood.'' [HALPIN 2008: p.40-41]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ align="top" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation Guide
|-
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|800-899]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|900-979]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|980-1040]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|1041-1100]]
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|Optional]]
|}
'''Art'''<br>
--<br>
'''Literature'''<br>
* [MANLEY 1985]
* [STEPHENSON 2007]
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* Waterford, Ireland
* Ballinderry, Ireland, late C10th. [HALPIN 2008: p.184-185] 1 Complete bow.
* Dublin, Ireland, C11th / C12th. [HALPIN 2008: p.184-185] 1 Complete bow, 7 bow fragments.
* Hedeby, Denmark, [PAULSEN 1999] 1 Complete, 6 fragments
* Leiden, Netherlands, 800-950AD [DE STOUTE 2008] 1 Complete bow
''Other finds:''<br>
Nydem, Vimose and Kragehul, Denmark bog finds also had bows and arrows.<br>
<br>
=== Deflexed Self-bow ===
''A deflexed nock is where the nock is deliberately strongly angled towards the string.''<br>
'''Art'''<br>
--<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
--<br>
'''Discussion'''<br>
Almost all of the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts show bows with nocks deflexed away from the archer, the complete reverse of the deflexed nocks found in archaeology. <br>
<br>
=== Re-curved (Reflexed) Self-bow ===
''A re-curve self-bow is where the stave of the bow is deliberately curved away from the string.''
{| class="wikitable"
|+ align="top" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation Guide
|-
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|800-899]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|900-979]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|980-1040]]
| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|1041-1100]]
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation Guide|Allowable]]
|}
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* Ballinderry, Ireland, late C10th. [HALPIN 2008: p.184-185] 1 Complete bow.
* Hedeby, Denmark, [PAULSEN 1999]
'''Discussion'''<br>
Many of the Hedeby bows are shaped this way, along with the Ballinderry bow from Ireland. Paulsen [PAULSEN 1999] makes the case that this is “caused by shrinkage of the soft sapwood in the front”, a theory that is rejected by Halpin [HALPIN 2008: p.61] who cites a number of authors including Hardy who makes the comment that the bows from the Mary Rose were also re-curved and “that no process during the lifetime of the bows, or after deposition, are convincing explanations for this feature”.<br>
<br>
== Bow Strings ==
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* Wincott Heckett has suggested that a tablet-woven tubular silk cord, dated to mid C12th, from Waterford may be a bowstring. [HALPIN 2008: p.61] Halpin then quotes Soar who suggests that the most common material for bow strings was hemp.
* York, England. A lump of beeswax with a groove caused by rubbing against a thread or string. Walton-Rogers comments that beeswax was often used on bow strings [WALTON ROGERS 1997: p.1785]
'''Discussion'''<br>
--<br>
== See Also ==
[[Catalogue of Bow finds]]<br>
[[Archery]]<br>
<br>
== References ==
*[*DE STOUTE 2008] de Stoute, Jur. Paleo Planet, Archery - Primitive Bows - 1200 year old longbow from Netherlands. 12 05 2008. http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/reply/190064/Close--pics--1200-year-old-longbow--Netherlands-discussion#reply-190064.
*[*HALPIN 2008] Halpin, Andrew. Weapons and Warfare in Viking and Medieval Dublin. National Museum of Ireland, 2008.
*[*MANLEY 1985] Manley, John. “The Archer and the Army in the Late Saxon Period.” Anglo-SAxon Studies in Archaeology and History 4, 1985: 223 - 235.
*[*PAULSEN 1999] Paulsen, H. “Pfiel und Bogen in Haithabu.” In Neue Ausgrabungen in Haithabu; Band 33: Das archäologische Fundmaterial VI, by A. Geibig and H. Paulsen. 1999.
*[*STEPHENSON 2007] Stephenson, I. P. The Late Anglo-Saxon Army. Tempus, 2007
*[*WALTON ROGERS 1997] Walton Rogers, Penelope. Textile Production at 16-22 Coppergate. AY17-11. York Archeological Trust, 1997.
<HarvardReferences />