==Equal armed brooches [V/F]==
After Petersen [PETERSEN 1928]<br>
Not found after the C9th in Denmark [ROESDAHL & WILSON 19821992:p.129]<br>
===P58, P59, P60, P61===
P58 most common form [ROESDAHL & WILSON 19821992:p.302 cat.283]<br>
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R658.jpg
Date: 9th century<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* Scar, Scotland ([OWEN and & DALLAND 1999, : p.68) ] – Northern Norway?
'''Discussion'''<br>
4 have been found with oval brooch type P37 ([OWEN & DALLAND 1999, : p.68)].<br>
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R659.jpg
'''Archaeology'''<br>
'''Discussion'''<br>
Usually decorated in leaf decoration, they are based on the trefoil harness mounts from Germany. The design became so popular that they were locally produced throughout Scandinavia. They were produced in gold, silver and copper alloy. ([MARGESON 1997, : p.16-18)]<br>Could be worn either pointing upwards or downwards ([EWING 2007, : p.62)]<br>Trefoil brooches seem to have taken over from Oval brooches in the Viking colonies in England. ([MARGESON 1997, : p.16)]
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{{evidence
|Archaeology =
* Norfolk, England, 7 finds ([MARGESON 1997, : p.21)]* Birka, Sweden, 56 finds ([ARWIDSSON 1984, : p.58-74)]
|Discussion =
Is widespread in the Viking homelands with an especially large concentration in Birka. ([MARGESON 1997, : p.21)]<br>Between 2.4 to 3.4cm (1” - 1½”) become common in Birka in the C10th. About half of them are positioned above the level of the twin oval brooches. Probably fastened the neck of the linen under shift. ([EWING 2007, : p.61)]<br>
At Birka - between 2.4 to 3.4cm (1” - 1½”), 900-954AD. <br>
Scandinavian brooches have an extra lug on the reverse that in some cases were found with an iron ring through it. The ring could of been used to suspend the brooch as a pendant or alternately to suspend other objects. <br>
Scandinavian fastening style with a pair of lugs to hold the needle, Needles are usually made of iron but a few copper-alloy examples were found 6 from children graves, 3 in double graves (male & female), 38 with oval brooches, 2 with equal armed brooches, 5 with a trefoil brooch, 22 with a large round brooch, 1 with a silver pennanular. ([ARWIDSSON 1984, : p.58-74) ] <br>
Only women’s graves? <br>
}}
* over 50 examples from Denmark, Sweden and Gotland.
|Discussion=
Filigree brooches are made thus: the front plate was cut to shape and relief decoration imprinted by a bronze die. Sometimes a plain back-plate was affixed. Finally filigree and granules were soldered to the front plate raised features. ([ROESDAHL 1982, : p.105)]<br>‘Patrices’ were used to achieve the basic convex shape. Made of bronze with raised relief. The silver sheet was placed on a yielding base and the Patrice hammered into it. ([ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992, : p.254 cat.105,106)]<br>
}}
==Large convex round brooches [V/F]==
Dated from 900 to 954 on coins from Birka<br>
Birka 5cm (2”) - open work 7cm (2 ¾”) - below or between the oval brooches. ([EWING 2007, : p.61)]<br>
<br>
Clasps are different from English brooches. The pin is held by two lugs and an additional third lug is often present, sometimes with an attached wire ring.<br>
|Archaeology =
*Type V- Filigree,
**1 find of silver, Nonnebakken, Denmark ([ROESDAHL 1982, : p.190)]**2 finds of gold , Hornelund, Denmark c.1000AD ([ROESDAHL 1982, : p.105) (] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992, : p.254 cat.107)]
*Type VI - Punched and stamped,
**1 find of silver, Birka, Sweden ([ARWIDSSON 1984) ] smaller than normal at 4.1cm.
}}
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