{{Stars1Stars2|Category = Men's Clothing}}{{Mens}}==Hoods==''A covering of cloth for the head and neck with an opening for the face.''<br><br>Surprisingly there is scant evidence for people wearing hoods during the Viking Age. <br> {{Evidence|Art =* [[T-M#T64|T64]] Harley Psalter f.66v [OWEN-CROCKER 2004:p.264]*Gotland, Some figures on the picture stones at Larbo Tangelgarda I and Sanda I, appear to be wearing a hat or hood with a long tail hanging down the back. [TOPLAK 2011: p.65]|Literature = * hod and possibly Caeppe and cappa although the latter 2 could also mean cap or cape. [OWEN-CROCKER 2004: p.82, 170]* cucullus can mean a hood fastened to a garment, for instance a monk's cowl. [OWEN-CROCKER 2004: p.222]* Hetta, siðr hattr, siðr höttr [EWING 2007]* The word ''hetta'' refers to a sperate hood, not attached to another garment, and is used in two contexts in the sagas. The first is ''kollhetta'' referring to a hood without long tail, the second being ''skauthekla'' which does have the long tail. The Hedeby hood is an example of a ''skauthekla'' [TOPLAK 2011: p. 66]|Archaeology = * Denmark, [[S-S#Hedeby|Hedeby]], The remains of a hood were found made of dark brown 2/2 twill (0.3-0.4mm thick), which originall would have been covered in tufts of wool giving it a fur-like appearance. The fragment is 55x20cm big and represents the back of a hood from the shoulders up to the top. The hood had a liripipe, 14cm wide where it attaches and now 15cm long but the original length can not be determined. The liripipe was made from one folded over piece of cloth. the hood was also folded along the top, sewn up the back and had a small dart (8cm at widest point) inserted at the bottom. However, Hagg is of the opinon this was open fronted hood that would have been attached to a coat, cloak or bodywarmer, and may have been used together with the felt animal face masks found in the harbour [HAGG 1991:p. 55-60]* Norway, [[B-S#Skjoldehamn|Skjoldehamn]], wool hood [LOVLID 2009]''Evidence from other periods''<br>* Germany, Thorsberg (C4th)* Scotland, Orkney, wool fringed hood(215-615AD)* Germany, Bernuthsfeld (680–775AD)* Greenland, |Discussion--<br>}}<br>'''Hoods with a lining '''<br>Currently with have no evidence for lined hoods.<br><br>'''Hoods made from leather '''<br>Currently with have no evidence for leather hoods.<br><br>
==Conical hat==
* Netherlands (600-900AD)
** Leens. Two hats were found in Leens. Hat 2 is a pillbox cap. It is made from several pieces of the same diamond twill. It has decorative stitches along the seams. [BRANDENBURGH 2009:p.68]
* Denmark (old)
** Hedeby. A fragment (S35) of piled 2/2 twill is from a cap similar in shape to a pillbox, though the exact shape and dimensions could not be determined. It is made of two parts sewn together. The fragment was found in the top layers of a well and dates to around 877. [HAGG 1991: p.55] [HAGG 2015:p.57]
|Discussion=
This style of hat was adopted by Roman soldiers from the late 3rd century. Roman pill-box caps could be made from sheepskin, fur as well as possibly from leather. Vegetius writing in the 4th century refers to a ''pannonian'' which is probably a pill-box hat. It may also be that a padded type of this hat was used under a soldiers helmet for padding. The pill-box cap became a symbol of the Roman soldier in much the same manner as the Roman military belt and as such was not work by the non-military. [CROOM 2000:p.69]
==Forage style cap==
{{evidence
|Art = * Dublin, Christchurch: A small human head carved from wood, possibly a gaming piece, dating to the late 11th Century. The 3D head shows very clearly a hat very similar to the Aalsum hat (see below), which sits over the forehead and extends down over the ears and around the back of the neck. [LANG 1988: p.32 & 84]
|Literature
|Archaeology =
*Odin is described as wearing as wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a blue coat in the C13th Bagler Sagas. This may refer to a straw hat.
|Archaeology =
* Russia, Novgorod. A hat made of roots 'in the manner of a rush hat' and 'shaped like a straw hat' [EWING 2007:p.120] This hat does however date to the 14th C, which is a bit late for evidence of straw hats in the viking age. There is also the alternative interpretation that this is a bowl rather than a hat. http://historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000170/st025.shtml
|Discussion =
It is very unlikely that any straw item would survive to be found. Always on poor people. This kind of hat was depicted in use during the Roman period and again in the C12th. It is likely that such a simple hat was in use by common agricultural workers throughout the Viking Age.
|Art
|Literature
|Archaeology=Fragments of felt have been found in the Hedeby settlement and harbour, but none complete enough to be identified as a specific item (besides one of the two animal masks). Hagg does say that it is possible that the lighter, finer felt was used for caps and hats, while the thicker felt may have been used as saddle cloths. [HAGG 1984:p.194] [HAGG 1991:p.99]There is supposedly a felt cap from Hessen dating to the Viking Age [HAGG 2015:p.115]<br>
|Discussion
}}
File:Almgren Fur Hat.jpg
</gallery>
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==External Sites==
*[https://sites.google.com/site/archoevidence/home/extant-hoods Looking for the Evidence]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bog_bodies Wikipedia - List of bog bodies]
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{{Ref|Inwards 1922}}
{{Ref|Wilson 1985}}
{{Ref|Hagg 1991}}
{{Ref|Hagg 2015}}
{{Ref|Hagg 1984}}
{{Ref|Lang 1988}}
<HarvardReferences />