'''Anglo-Saxon'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Franks Casket.png|Franks Casket c.700-750
</gallery>
'''Anglo-Saxon'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
T49 f.18v 1.png|''BL Cotton Cleopatra C VIII folf.18v Late C10th, c.1000''BL Cotton Cleopatra CVIII f.27v.png|''BL Cotton Cleopatra C VIII, f.27v, c.1000''
</gallery>
'''Carolingian / Ottonian'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
La Vie De Saint Aubin St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 141.JPG|''[[:Category:St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 22|St. Gallen, Golden Psalter]], c.833''The Basilewsky Situla (V&A A.18-1933) - Detail 1.pngjpg|''La Vie De Saint AubinThe Basilewsky Situla (V&A A.18-1933), c.980-81, Milan''Aachen Ivory Situla Warriors.jpg|''[[:Category:Aachen Cathedral Treasury|Aachen Ivory Situla ]] c. 1000''La Vie De Saint Aubin 1.png|''[[:Category:Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, NAL 1390|Paris, Bib. Nat., NAL 1390, La Vie De Saint Aubin]] c.1100''
</gallery>
===Type 2b: Mail shirt to mid-thigh or knee with a small split and short sleeves===
'''Carolingian / Ottonian'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Hildesheimer Cathedral.png|Hildesheimer Cathedral, c. ????
British Lib. Egerton 3763 f. 116v.JPG|BL Egerton 3763, f.116v, c.998-1018.JPG
Shields_Vatican,_MS_Lat._9820.jpg|Vatican Lat. 9820, c.985-987
British Lib. Egerton 3763 f. 116v.JPG|BL Egerton 3763, f.116v, c.998-1018
DiJon, Bib. Mun. MS 488 f.68v.png|Dijon, Bib. Mun. MS 488 f.68v, Constellation, c.1000
Hildesheimer Cathedral.png|Hildesheim Cathedral, c. ????
</gallery>
* 980AD Byzantine [NICOLLE 2005: p.51]
<br><br>
===Type 2c: Mail shirt to mid-thigh or knee, short sleeves & chausses===
''A mail shirt that reaches to the thigh, sleeves that usually come to the elbow and mail covered legs (chausses)''
'''Carolingian / Ottonian'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Vercelli-MS CLXV-9C-detail 1.jpg|''Vercelli Bib., MS CLXV, c.825''
</gallery>
==Type 3: Long Mail Shirts==
===Type 3a: Long mail shirt with a 'Bayeux style' split , an integral coif and short sleeves===
''Interpreted as either a front split mail shirt or alternatively a mail shirt with mail shorts.''
The ‘mail shorts’ theory has been dismissed by Wilson [WILSON 1985] and Grape [GRAPE 1994]. They consider these images to simple show a stylised form of a long split (Type 3b).<br>
===Type 3b: Long mail shirt with a long style split , an integral coif, and short sleeves===
'''Anglo-Saxon'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Mail Shirt (Genève, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. lat. 357 - Apocalypse -Beatus).png|Genève, Ms. lat. 357, C11th
</gallery>
===Type 3c: Long mail shirt with a long style split , an integral coif, and long sleeves===
'''Ottonian / Norman'''<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
BnF_Ms_Lat._8879_f.148v_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse.jpg|BnF Ms_Lat. 8879 f.148v, Horsemen of the Apocalypse, c.1050
Dijon Bib. Mun. MS. 14 fol.13 Goliath.png|Dijon, Bib. Mun. MS. 14 f.13, Bible of St. Etienne, Goliath, c.1109-1111
</gallery>
===6 - 8mm riveted===
'''Archaeology'''<br>
--<br>
'''Discussion'''<br>
We have no finds of 100% riveted shirts that have been dated between 800-1100.<br>
<br>
===Riveted links over 8mm===
Bayeux Tapestry
==Literature==
===Anglo-Saxon Chronicle===
A.D. 1008. <br>
"This year bade the king that men should speedily build ships over all England; that is, a man possessed of three hundred and ten hides to provide a galley or skiff; and a man possessed of eight hides only, to find a helmet and mail shirt."
===Beowulf===
Written in c.1000 but from an older story.<br>
We've started working on a comparison between translations to determine what words may have possibly represented mail shirts.<br><br>
* Heorot http://www.heorot.dk/beowulf-rede-text.html
* Gutenburg http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16328/16328-h/16328-h.htm
* Orford {{listRef|Crossley-Holland 1982}}
* Old English Translator http://www.oldenglishtranslator.co.uk/
Note: <br>
Corslet is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as meaning "a piece of defensive armour covering the body."<br>
Byrnie<br>
Bennet, M., Bradbury, J., DeVries, K., Dickie, I., & Jestice, P. Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World. Thomas Dunne Books, 2005, p. 82<br>
''"There is some dispute among historians as to what exactly constituted the Carolingian byrnie. Relying... only on artistic and some literary sources because of the lack of archaeological examples, some believe that it was a heavy leather jacket with metal scales sewn onto it. It was also quite long, reaching below the hips and covering most of the arms. Other historians claim instead that the Carolingian byrnie was nothing more than a coat of mail, but longer and perhaps heavier than traditional early medieval mail. Without more certain evidence, this dispute will continue."''
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Original Anglo-Saxon !! Heorot !! Gutenburg !! Oxford !! Old English Translator
|-
| (37) of feorwegum '''frætwa''' gelaéded
|| from far-off lands ornate '''armour''' and baubles were brought;
|| (I 37) The famed by the mainmast. A many of jewels,
|| And adornments from far and wide were gathered there
|| 'frætwa' = '''armour'''
|-
| (40) billum ond '''byrnum'''· him on bearme læg
|| bill-blades and '''byrnies'''; there lay on his breast
|| (I 42) Bills and '''burnies'''; on his bosom sparkled
|| Swords and '''corslets'''; on his breast
|| 'byrnum' = '''Corselet'''
|-
| (214)
||
||
||
||
|-
| saéwudu '''saéldon'''· syrcan hrysedon
|| moored their vessel; their '''mail-shirts''' clanked
|| (IV 37) Fastened their vessel (battle weeds rattled, '''War burnies''' clattered)
|| Tying up the boat their '''corslets''' clanked
|| 'saéldon' = '''coat of mail'''
|-
| (237)
||
||
||
||
|-
| (238) '''byrnum''' werede þe þus brontne céol
|| bound in '''byrnies''', who thus your tall keel
|| (IV 49) Clad in your '''corslets''', come thus a-driving A high riding ship
|| In your '''coats of mail''' who have steered your tall ship
|| 'byrnum' = '''Corselet'''
|-
| (322) heard hondlocen '''hringíren''' scí
|| harsh, linked by hand, '''ring-iron''' glittering
|| (VI 4) The ring-sword radiant rang ’mid the '''armor'''
|| The strong links of shining '''chain-mail''' clinked together
||
|-
| (1211) '''bréostgewaédu''' ond se béah somod
|| mail-coat and the ring together
||
||
|| 'Bréost' = '''Breast, stomach, womb, mind, richness''', 'gewaédu' = ????
|}
==References==