__NOTOC__{{stars1| styleCategory ="background: PaleGoldenrod; width: 100%"Armour}}{{TOClimit|- 3}}{{Armour}}<br> | scope="col" width="0" |[[File:Stars2.png|110px|frameless|left|linkIntroduction==Completion Ratings|Completion Ratings]]| scope ="col" width="1000" style="text-alignType 1 : left;"|[[Completion Ratings|This article's completion rating is 2 out of 5]]|- | colspanShort Mail Shirts=="7" | Article structure and content is subject to change as data is still being collected |}<br>{{TOClimit|3}}
[[File:Book of Maccabees1.png|150px|thumb|left|Short mail shirt<br>Book of Maccabees]]===Type 1a: Short mail shirts shirt to just below the waistwith short sleeves===
''A mail shirt that stops a couple of inches below the belt. Sleeves are usually to the elbow but can extend to the wrist.''
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'''Art'''<brgallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">*C1 Book of Maccabees1.png|'''Discussion'Book of Maccabees c.????''<br/gallery>
It would appear that the typical 8th - 9th century mail shirt seems to end just below the belt line. Some of them appear as though they may be vandyked or side split – see below.<br>
{{Clear}}
[[File:T49 f.18v 1.png|150px|thumb|Vandyked mail shirt<br>T49 f.18v BL Cotton Cleopatra C VIII]]==Vandyked =Type 1b: Short mail shirtto just below the waist with long sleeves===Vandykes are a triangular finish to the hem and sometimes the cuff of a mail shirt.<!--{| classgallery heights="wikitable"|+ align170px mode="topPacked" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation guide>Book of Maccabees1.png|-''Book of Maccabees c.????''</gallery> | scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|800-899]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|900-979]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-alignType 1c: center;"| [[Recreation guide|980-1040]]| scopeShort Vandyked mail shirt to just below the waist with short sleeves="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|1041-1100]]|-''Vandykes are a triangular finish to the hem and sometimes the cuff of a mail shirt.''| Colspan<gallery heights="2" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]| Colspan170px mode="2Packed" style="text-align: centerleft;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]|}-->T49 f.18v 1.png|'''Art'''<br>*[[T-M#T49|T49]] London, BL, Cotton Cleopatra C VIII ffol.18v, Late C10th'''Literature'''<br>--'''Archaeology'''<br/gallery>--'''Discussion'''<br>
We have a few pictures that can be interpreted as Vandyked shirts. London, BL, Cotton Cleopatra C VIII f.18v dated to the late C10th is perhaps the most famous although it may not actually be a mail shirt.
[Migration era evidence?]
===Side split mail shirt===
''A side split mail shirt’s skirt is open at the sides. An unsplit mail shirt has an additional side gore added to the side of the skirt to allow movement and offer protection.''
<brgallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">{{Clear}}[[File:Codex Aureus Epternacensis f.18v 1.png|150px|thumb|left|Side split mail shirt<br>''Codex Aureus Epternacensis f.18v]]==Side split mail shirt==''A side split mail shirt’s skirt is open at the sides. An unsplit mail shirt has an additional side gore added to the side of the skirt to allow movement and offer protection.''<!--{| class="wikitable"|+ align="top" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation guide|-| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|800-899]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|900-979]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|980-1040]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|1041-1100]]|-| Colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Optional]]| Colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]|}-->'''Art'''<br/gallery>
* [[O-M#O67|O67]] National Museum, Nuremberg (Hs. 156 142) - Codex aureus Epternacensis. C.1030AD [SKODELL 2008]
'''Discussion'''<br>
Mail shirts are usually shown unsplit. A few of the depictions from Western European manuscripts do however show side split mail shirts.
{{Clear}}[[File:La Vie De Saint Aubin 1.png|150px|thumb|Long unsplit mail shirt<brhr>La Vie De Saint Aubin]]==Long unsplit mail shirts from below groin to knee==''A mail shirt that reaches to the thigh, with sleeves that usually come to the elbow.''<!--{| class="wikitable"|+ align="top" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation guide|-| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|800-899]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|900-979]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|980-1040]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|1041-1100]]|-| Colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Optional]]| Colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]| Colspan="1" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]|}------------------------------------------------------ -->'''Art'''<br>*Aachen ivory font c.1000AD (SKODELL 2008) – mid thigh '''Discussion'''<br>This seems to be the typical size of a period shirt – see illustrations above. Some drawings do show shorter mail shirts but mail shirts seem to get longer as the period progresses.==Type 2: Standard Mail Shirts==
<br>
<br>{{Clear}}==Long front split mail =Type 2a: Mail shirt to mid-thigh or kneewith short sleeves===''A mail shirt that reaches to the thigh, with sleeves that usually come to the elbow.''
'''Art'''<brgallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">There appears to be 3 distinct types of front split mail shirts depicted in C11th artLa Vie De Saint Aubin 1. A ‘Short split’, ‘Full split’ and the difficult to interpret ‘Bayeux style’. These are discussed in detail delow png|''La Vie De Saint Aubin'Literature'''<br>--<br>Aachen Ivory Situla Warriors.jpg|''Aachen Ivory Situla c. 1000'Archaeology'''<br>--<br>'''Discussion'''<br>They appear common on such sources as the Bayeux Tapestry and continue to make appearances on numerous manuscripts from the 1060’s onwards although they nether totally replace the traditional unsplit mail shirt.<br/gallery>
{{Clear}}
[[File:Hildesheimer Cathedral.png|150px|thumb|left|Mail shirt with short front split<br>Hildesheimer Cathedral]]
===Short Split===
''A mail shirt to the knee with a small slit in the skirt and sleeves to the elbow.''
===Type 2b: Mail shirt to mid-thigh or knee with a small split and short sleeves==='''Art'A mail shirt that reaches to the thigh, has a small split front and back, and sleeves that usually come to the elbow.'' <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">Hildesheimer Cathedral.png|Hildesheimer Cathedral c. ????<br/gallery>
* [[T-M#T44|T44]] Boulogne, MS11 f.104v late C10th (Possible – detail hidden)
* A carving at Hildesheimer cathedral [SKODELL 2008]
* 980AD Byzantine [NICOLLE 2005: p.51]
{{Clear}}<hr> <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -->[[File==Type 3:T86 Hexateuch1.png|150px|thumb|Long Mail shirt with Bayeux style front split<br>T86 Hexateuch]]Shirts== ===Type 3a: Long mail shirt with a 'Bayeux Stylestyle' split and short sleeves===
''Interpreted as either a front split mail shirt or alternatively a mail shirt with mail shorts.''
'''Art'''<brgallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">T86 Hexateuch1.png|Hexateuch c. 1025=1050 </gallery>
* Bayeux Tapestry c.1076AD [WILSON 1985]
* [[T-M#T86|T86]] The Old English Hexatech 1025-1050AD
* Winchester carving 1050-1100AD [WILSON 1985]
'''Discussion'''<br>
The ‘mail shorts’ theory has been dismissed by Wilson [WILSON 1985], Grape [GRAPE 1994] and others.<br>
{{Clear}}===Full SplitType 3b: Long mail shirt with a long style split and short sleeves===
'''Art'''<brgallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">* Bayeux Tapestry c.1076AD [WILSON 1985]</gallery> ===Type 3c: Long mail shirt with a long style split and long sleeves=== <gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;"> </gallery>
* [[R-M#R1|R1]] Dijon, Bibliotheque Municipale MS 14 fol.13, Bible of St. Etienne, 1109-1111AD – Picture of Goliath [SKODELL 2008]
<brhr> <!-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --> == Mail shirt ring sizesConstruction=='''Literature'''<br>--<br>
===6 - 8mm alternating riveted & welded===
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'''Archaeology'''<br>
*Sutton Hoo c.650AD (POLLINGTON 2006, p.152) - 8mm links, alternate riveted and butt-jointed, to mid thigh
*Dublin (HALPIN 2008, p.179)
'''Discussion'''<br>
Most of the Viking Age finds seem to be in this size range.<br>
<br>
===6 - 8mm riveted===
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'''Archaeology'''<br>
--
'''Discussion'''<br>
Although we We have no finds of 100% riveted shirts from that have been dated between 800-????, it was felt that they are better than ‘butted mail’ and are thus included under optional1100.<br>
<br>
===Riveted links over 8mm===
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'''Archaeology'''<br>
*Tuna, Gotland (TWEDDLE 1992) has an internal link diameter up to approx.10mm in size
*Russia (D’AMATO 2012, p.34) some links measuring up to 25mm
'''Discussion'''<br>
It appears that Eastern mail shirts could have even larger rings with some from Russia measuring up to 25mm. (D’AMATO 2012, p.34)<br>
<br>
=== Butted links ===
We have no finds of butted links that have been dated between 800--1100.<br>
<br>
==Copper alloy mail links used for decoration==
''A double row of copper alloy links used to edge mail shirts and aventails.''
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'''Archaeology'''<br>
*York, England, C8th (TWEDDLE 1992, p.1003) Coppergate helmet,4 links.
*Gotland, Sweden, C9th-12th (TWEDDLE 1992, p.1185) Graves 14.7 & 8. This had two rows of copper alloy links at a possible vertical edge.
'''Discussion'''<br>
The Coppergate helmet possibly had either a double row of copper alloy links edging the aventail or alternatively they could have been talismans. Copper alloy talismans and edges are frequently found on medieval mail shirts (TWEDDLE 1992, p.1003).<br>
<br>
==Lined Mail edged with leathershirts==''A strip of Mail shirts that are lined on the inside with cloth or leather sown over the edge of the mail shirtand that have a cloth or leather edging.''<!--{| class="wikitable"|+ align="top" style="caption-side: top; text-align: left;" | Recreation guide|-| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|800-899]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|900-979]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|980-1040]]| scope="col" width="80" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|1041-1100]]|-| Colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"| [[Recreation guide|Allowable]]|}-->Bayeux Tapestry
==See Also==
<br>
==References==
{{Ref|Grape 1994}}
