<br>
==Materials==
===Iron===
More than found in the archaeological record<br>
===Copper Alloy===
--<br>
===Bone===
--<br>
===Silver===
--<br>
===Gilded===
--<br>
<br>
==Shanks==
===Introduction===
Many pins have been excavated with a bend in the shank. Halpin has put forth the theory that this may be a deliberate feature and may has assisted the pin in keeping two pieces of cloth together.<br>
===Round===
--<br>
===Round with a Swelling===
--<br>
===Round with a Square Section===
--<br>
===Square===
--<br>
<br>
==Heads==
<br>
The typology styles 1 to 6 are based on that by Nicola Rogers in [EVANS & LOVELUCK Rogers 2009: p.33]. Styles 7 to 11 15 have been added by the author. The Irish-sea corpus is usually classified using O'Rahilly's typology [O'Rahilly 1973] summarised by Nicholson and Hill [Nicholson & Hill 1997:p.365]. Both types are included in italics under each heading.<br>
<br>
===1: Globular (Sphericalspherical, ball)==='' Rogers - Type 1; O'Rahilly - Type a (Round)''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#York|York]]
Originate in the early Anglo-Saxon period [OTTAWAY 1992: p.693]. A long lived type – impossible to separate roman from post roman on typology [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950]. The Flixborough examples date from AD 650-1000.<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin-Globular.jpg|Type 1 : GlobularKings Lynn Pin - Grimston 1992.222.3 49.jpg
Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37a.JPG|Kings Lynn
</gallery>
===2: Polyhedral===
'' Rogers - Type 2''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#York|York]]
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin-Polyhedral.jpg|Type 2 Polyhedral
YM C9th Pins and Brooch.JPG|York
</gallery>
<br>
===3: Biconical===
'' Rogers - Type 3; O'Rahilly - Type g (Club)''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]]
--<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Kings_Lynn_Pin_-_Sedgeford_50.JPG
</gallery>
<br>
===4: Spiral(Bifurcated)==='' Rogers - Type 4''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#Flixbourgh|Flixbourgh]]
--<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin-Spiral Fishergate.jpg|Type 4 : Spiral
Kings Lynn Pin - 1978.196.61 48.JPG
</gallery>
===5: Headless===
'' Rogers - Type 5; O'Rahilly - Type e (Undifferentiated)''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#York|York]]
--<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin (Bone), Dublin NMI-E172.12327 (L6-21).JPG
</gallery>
<br>
===6: Flat oval(disc, trapezoid or disk shaped headedconical)===''OvalRogers - Types 6 (Disc), trapezoid or disk shaped7 (Triangular) & 8 (inverted conical); O'Rahilly - Types b (Squared), c (Disc), d (Rounded)''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#York|York]]
--<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin-Flat Flixborough.jpg|Type 6 : FlatPin-Flat York.jpg|Type 6 : Flat
Kings Lynn Pin - Bawsey (NCM) S37b.JPG
Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI-E172.9005 (L6-15).JPG
Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin High St. NMI-E43.1011 (L6-17).JPG
Pin (Copper-alloy), Dublin High St. NMI-E71.10757 (L6-16).JPG
</gallery>
<br>
'''Discussion'''<br>
--<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
</gallery>
<br>
===8: Linked==='' Rogers - Type LIN1, LIN2''<br>'''Archaeology'''<br>* Scotland** Whithorn, 2 of Copper-alloy [Nicholson & Hill 1997]:p.369 nos.4 & 5'''Discussion'''<br>--<br><br><gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;"></gallery><br> ===9: Miscellaneous==='''Archaeology'''<br>* -** -'''Discussion'''<br>--<br><br><gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">Pin w. glass head (Copper-alloy), Drumiller NMI-1876.97 (R7-33).JPG|Drumiller IrelandPin (Copper-alloy), Dublin St John's Lane NMI-E43.551(L6-13).JPG|Dublin</gallery><br> ===10: Pig fibulae==='' Rogers - Type B2''<br>
''...... including pins that have perforated heads much in the same manner as a needle but have heads that are deemed to be too large to pass through cloth.''<br>
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England [[S-S#York|York]]
** York, 61 finds of perforated pig fibulae and 10 finds of unperforated pig fibulae [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1950]** 61 Flixborough, 8 finds of perforated pig fibulae [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999Rogers 2009:p.195039-40]
'''Discussion'''<br>
Many more needle could be included from York if bone needles with smaller heads were to be included.<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pig Fibulae.jpg|Type 8 : Pig FibulaePins (Bone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-21).JPG|Dublin
</gallery>
<br>
===911: Zoomorphic===
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* England, York, 5 finds, 1 of bone, 4 of unknown. [MACGREGOR, MAINMAN & ROGERS 1999: p.1949]
MacGregor notes that the pins found at Jarlshof must have been made in a local workshop [MACGREGOR 2005:p.119]<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Pin Zoomorphic York.jpg|Type 9 : ZoomorphicPins (Bone), Dublin Christchurch Pl., Winetavern St. NMI (R12-23).JPG|DublinPins (Bone), Dublin Christchurch Pl., Winetavern St. NMI (R12-24).JPG|DublinPin (Bone), Dublin NMI-E172.- (L6-22).JPG|DublinHedeby Pin Dragon.JPG|Hedeby
</gallery>
<br>
===1012: Disk-headedShaped===
'''Archaeology'''<br>
:-
:-
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
NMS Jarlshof Pin (Bone) X.HSA 130.JPG|Jarlshof
Pins (Bone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-22).JPG|Dublin
</gallery>
<br>
===1113: LinkedLarge disk===
'''Archaeology'''<br>
:-
:-
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Disc-headed pin (Gilt copper-alloy), Gallen NMI-W.306 (R7-22).JPG|Ireland
</gallery>
<br>
===1214: Other formsWide===
'''Archaeology'''<br>
* -'''Discussion'''<br>:-<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">Pin Ringerike BM 1893,0618.72.jpg|Type: WidePin Ringerike Trondheim, Norway.jpg|Type: WidePin (Whalebone), Dublin Fishamble St. NMI (R12-34).JPG|Dublin Whalebone</gallery><br> ===15: Filigree ball==='''Archaeology'''<br>:England, Kent: Gilton Ash:Scotland, Ballinaby:Denmark (old), Thunby-Bienebek [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.207]:Denmark (old), Hedeby
'''Discussion'''<br>
:-
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">
Silver Pin - Ballinaby Grave 2 (Anderson 1880).JPG|BallinabyNMS Ballinaby Pin (Silver).JPG|BallinabyAshmolean Pin - Gilton Ash, Kent (AN1942.216)-03-.jpg|Gilton AshHedeby Silver Pin - Ballinaby Grave 2 (Anderson 1880).JPG|Hedeby
</gallery>
<br>
==Shanks==
===Introduction===
Many pins have been excavated with a bend in the shank. Halpin has put forth the theory that this may be a deliberate feature and may has assisted the pin in keeping two pieces of cloth together.<br>
===Round===
--<br>
===Round with a Swelling===
--<br>
===Round with a Square Section===
--<br>
===Square===
--<br>
<br>
{{Ref|Evans & Loveluck 2009}}
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Hayeur Smith 2003}}
{{Ref|Hinton 2005}}
{{Ref|MacGreggor Macgregor 1985}}
{{Ref|Macgregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999}}
{{Ref|Morris 2000}}
{{Ref|Nicholson & Hill 1997}}
{{Ref|Ottaway 1992}}
{{Ref|Owen-Crocker 2004}}
{{Ref|Rogers 2009|x}}
<HarvardReferences />
[[Category:Fastenings]]