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{{Manuscripts}}This article aims to detail the reproductions made of the Bayeux Tapestry primarily before its restoration in the mid 19th century. The history of the Tapestry is largely covered by Fawke Fowke in the first chapter of his book on the Bayeux Tapestry published in 1875 [FAWKE FOWKE 1875]. FawkeFowke's text is the basis of most published authors accounts of the Tapestry's history and this article is no exception. The following scene numbers correspond to the plate numbers in David Wilson's 'The Bayeux Tapestry' [WILSON 1985].<br>
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== Before the 1842 Restoration==
===c.1700 Faucault sketches===
In 1724 a 10m long colour drawing of the first seventh of the Tapestry was uncovered by De Boze amongst the collection of antiquities belonging to the then recently deceased previous Ex-intendant of Normandy [WILSON 1985]. The Ex-intendant was one Nicolas-Joseph Faucault who had resided in Bayeux between 1688 and 1704 [DAWSON 1907]. Upon his death in 1721 his collection was XXXXX.<br>
The origin of the drawings original source was unknown and they were passed to M. Lancelot, a member of the 'Académie des Inscrptions' for further investigation [FAWKE FOWKE 1875].<br>
The discovered colour drawing of the Tapestry has been attributed to either Faucalt himself, his daughter Anne (who was apparently a competent artist) or possibly to a commissioned artist and probably completed over a number of years prior to 1704 [HICKS 2006:p.72].<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
*Current location - Bibliotheque Nationale, Cabinet des Estampes, Fol. Ad. 102 [WILSON 1985:p.12]
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File:Faucault 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
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===1729 Lancelot engravings===
On the 21st of July 1724 M. Lancelot read a paper on the Faucault drawings although he was still unaware of the original source from where the images had originated [FAWKE FOWKE 1875]. At the presentation his used the original Faucault sketches. <br>
Bridgeford mentions that reproductions of the Faucault sketch were made for an article for 'Academie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres' [BRIDGEFORD 2004:p.29]. I think that these reproductions are the four found in 'Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXVIII' published in 1729. <br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Lancelot (1729) 'Explication d'un Monument de Guillaume le Conquerant' in Memoires de Litterature, tirez des registres. De L'Academie Royale. Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXVIII.]]
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File:Lancelot 3a.jpg|Scene 3
File:Lancelot 6a.jpg|Scene 6
===1729 Montfaucon engravings===
Father Bernard de Montfaucon having read Lancelot's published 1729 article embarked on trying to discover the original source of Faucault drawings. He included a set of engraving based on Faucault drawings in the first volume of his 'Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise'. To appease 18th centry artistic taste he had the images engraved more in the style of the time.<br>
Just prior to the volumes release and too late to be included he finally discovered that the origin of the drawings were from a tapestry kept in the Cathedral in Bayeux. The Reverend Father Mathurin L'Archer had answered a letter from Montfaucon and had stated the the original item was in fact a two hundred and twelve foot long (or 226 English feet) tapestry now in two sections [FAWKE FOWKE 1875]. He sent Montfaucon a copy of all of the inscription that just made it into his first volume.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Montfaucon (1729) Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume I]] <br>
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File:Montfaucon 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
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===1729 Benoît sketches===
After the location of the Tapestry was discovered in 1729 Father Bernard de Montfaucon commissions Antonine Benoît to produce an accurate copy of the rest of the tapestry with instructions to 'reduce it to a given size, but to alter nothing' [FAWKE FOWKE 1875]. Benoît indicated indicated by the use of dashed lines where he considered areas of the embroidery to be missing [DAWSON 1907].<br>
The images here are Benoît's unpublished sketches. Benoît's sketches are probably the basis for all of the engraving of the Tapestry up until Stothard's drawings of 1816-17 [DAWSON 1907]. Their accuracy has been criticised as Benoît attempted to make all of the panels a standard height. This has led so some stretching or compression of the images.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
*Current location - Unknown to the author.
<galleryheights=150px mode="Packed">File:Benoit Benoît 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
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<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Montfaucon (1730) Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume II]]
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File:Montfaucon 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
File:Montfaucon 72a.jpg|Scene 72 Mounted Pursuit
===1733 Lancelot engravings===
In 1730 Lancelot composed and read a second memoir [FAWKE FOWKE 1875]. From Benoît’s original sketches a set of engravings were made to accompany Lancelot's published paper in 1733.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Lancelot, M. (1733) 'Suite de L'Explication d'un Monument de Guillaume le Conquerant' in Memoires de Litterature, tirez des registres. De L'Academie Royale. Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXXVI.]]
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File:Lancelot 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
File:Lancelot 72a.jpg|Scene 72 Mounted Pursuit
File:Lancelot 73a.jpg|Scene 73 The English Flee
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===1767 Ducarel engravings===
Fawke FOWKE states that Ducarel republished Montfaucon's engravings along with a description of the scenes made a few years previously by Mr. Smart Lethieullier.[FAWKE FOWKE 1875]<br>.To me the drawings look Hicks, I think more like correctly, attributes the engravings to those engraved for published by Lancelot's 1733 publication although they are not an exact copy of these either in 1732. Apparently the French ambassador, Duc de Nivernois, was instrumental in getting permission for this [HICKS 2006:p.86] <br>.
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YQEbAAAAYAAJ&dq=antiquites+anglo-normandes+Ducarel&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=MVRfc9U0hd&sig=ilkS7A1SsWzKQjlH7kT97mFhqog&hl=en&ei=QuTBSsXeBNCK4QbIsvGLCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=falseDucarel, Andrew Coltee. Antiquités Anglo-Normandes de Ducarel: traduites de l'anglais]
<br>
===18211819-1823 Stothard sketches===In 1816 Charles Stothard was commissioned to make a colour copy of the tapestry. He travelled traveled to Bayeux 3 times to produce his water-colour drawing for the London Archaeological Society’s ‘Vetusta Monumenta’ published between 1821 1819 and 1823. Stothold used stitch holes to try and fill in the missing bits and these reconstructions are included in his drawings.<br>
Stothard apparently removed two pieces of the Tapestry during his visits, the theft of which was originally blamed on his then fiancée. These parts were replaced by later reconstructions and one of the fragments was eventually retuned to allow Dossetter permission to photograph the Tapestry in 1873. <br>
Stothard records some of his observations in a letter to Samuel Lysons, Esq. in 1821. [STOTHARD 1821]<br>
* drawings - Vetusta Monumenta, vi, 1819.
* Stothard, Charles (1821) 'Some observations on the Bayeux Tapestry' from Archaeolgia , xix.
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File:Stothard 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
File:Stothard 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
*[http://makinghistory.sal.org.uk/page.php?cat=3 Society of Aniquaries of London Website]
*[[#References|Laking (1920) for an image of the 3 casts]]
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File:Stothard cast 1.jpg|Cast of Duke William
File:Stothard cast 2.jpg|All three casts
===1824 Le Thieullier engraving===
Le Thieullier publication uses an exact copy of Ducarel's engraving of 1767.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
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File:Thieullier 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
File:Thieullier 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
From Stothard’s drawings. Sansonetti engraving 1838. Apparently shows some areas as missing where Stothard shows his reconstructed.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
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File:Sansonetti 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
File:Sansonetti 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
In 1875 Frank Fowke also publishes the photos (I think) in his ‘The Bayeux Tapestry’.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
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File:Fowke 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
File:Fowke 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
There was a lot of damage to the first part of the tapestry by Stothard's time. Two main points have been raised regarding this first scene:
*Edward Rex - <br>
:The word Edward was completely missing in all of the pre Stothard drawings. An argument has been put forward that the Tapestry originally used the 'XXX'Eadwardus'' for Edward as it does in scene XXX30.
*Harold’s moustache<br>
: Allegedly added to the fist panel scene to make him ‘more English’ [DAWSON 1907]. To me it seems more like here today, gone the next. The Faucault sketch seems to show a moustache but it has disappeared in the Montfaucon engravings. I suspect that the moustache was always there and that this was purely an artistic error.
===Odo holding a mace cheers up the lads===
Bishop Odo is represented rallying the Norman troops, the title formerly existed as ''Eps Odo Baculum Tenens Comfor'', and Father Montfaucon remarked that the rest of the sentence "is effaced," but that it undoubtedly was ''Comfortat Francos''. Later on, however, the Bisbop of Bayeux wrote to Lancelot, presumably at Benoit's suggestion, that the words might be restored as ''Comfortat Pueros'', a free translation of which would be "Odo holding a mace cheers up the lads." The tapestry was accordingly so restored, to the wonderment of posterity![DAWSON 1907]
===The last scene===
Again lots of damage
== References ==
{{Ref|Bridgeford 2004}}<nocite>{{Ref|Dawson 1907}}BRIDGEFORD2004{{Ref|Fowke 1875}}DAWSON1907{{Ref|Hicks 2006}}FOWKE1875{{Ref|Montfaucon 1729}}MONTFAUCON1729{{Ref|Montfaucon 1730}}MONTFAUCON1730{{Ref|Stothard 1821}}STOTHARD1821WILSON1985</nocite><biblio force=false>#[[Template:Bib]]</biblio>{{Ref|Wilson 1985}}
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[[Category:Art in Focus]]
[[Category:Bayeux Tapestry]]