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Reproductions of the Bayeux Tapestry

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This article lists and details copies aims to detail the reproductions made of the Bayeux Tapesty mainly prior to 1900Tapestry primarily before its restoration in the mid 19th century. The history of the Tapestry is largely covered by Fawke in the first chapter of his book on the Bayeux Tapestry published in 1885 [FAWKE 1885]. Fawke's text is the basis of most published authors accounts of the Tapestry's history and this article is no exception.<br>
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== Before the 1842 Restoration==
===c.1700 Faucaultsketches===After In 1724 a 10m long colour drawing of the death first seventh of the Tapestry was uncovered by De Boze amongst the collection of antiquities belonging to the then recently deceased previous Ex-intendant of Normandy [WILSON 2005]. The Ex-intendant was one Nicolas-Joseph Faucaultin Faucault who had resided in Bayeux between XXX and 1705. Upon his death in 1721 De Boze found his collection was XXXXX.<br>The origin of the drawings original source was unknown and they were passed to M. Lancelot, a 10m long colour drawing member of the Tapestry'Académie des Inscrptions' for further investigation [FAWKE 1885]. <br>The drawing of this discovered colour copy drawing of the Tapestry has been attributed to either Faucalt himself, his daughter Anne (who was apparently a competent artist) or possibly to a commissioned artist and probably completed over a number of years prior to 1705 [HICKS 2006:p.72]. Only the first 30' (the first 1/7th) of the Tapestry is depicted.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
*Current location - Bibliotheque Nationale, Cabinet des Estampes, Fol. Ad. 102 [WILSON 1985:p.12]
<gallery>
File:Faucault 1a.jpg|Scene 1 King Edward
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===1724 1729 Lancelotengravings===Reproduction On the 21st of July 1724 M. Lancelot read a paper on the Faucault drawings although he was still unaware of the original source from where the images had originated [FAWKE 1885]. At the presentation his used the original Faucault sketches. <br>Bridgeford mentions that reproductions of the Faucault sketch in were made for an article for 'Academie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'. [BRIDGEFORD 2004:p.29]. I think that these reproductions are the four found in 'Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXVIII' published in 1729. <br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Lancelot (1729) 'Explication d'un Monument de Guillaume le Conquerant' in Memoires de Litterature, tirez des registres. De L'Academie Royale. Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXVIII.]]
<gallery>
File:Lancelot 3a.jpg|Scene 3
===1729 Montfaucon engravings===
Father Bernard de Montfaucon publishes an engraved version having read Lancelot's published 1729 article embarked on trying to discover the original source of Faucault’s Faucault drawings . He included a set of engraving based on Faucault drawings in the first 30' volume of the Tapestry in ‘Monumens his 'Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume I’ '. To appease 18th centry artistic taste he had the images engraved more in 1729the style of the time. These emgravings were C18th <br>Just prior to appease the readersvolumes release and too late to be included he finally discovered that the origin of the drawings were from a tapestry kept in the Cathedral in Bayeux. The Reverend Father Mathurin L'Archer had answered a letter from Montfaucon and had stated the the original item was in fact a two hundred and twelve foot long (or 226 English feet) tapestry now in two sections [FAWKE 1885]. He sent Montfaucon a copy of all of the inscription that just made it into his first volume.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Montfaucon (1729) Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume I]] <br>
<gallery>
File:Montfaucon 1a.jpg|Scene 1King Edward
</gallery>
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===1729 Benoîtsketches===After the location of the Tapestry was discovered in 1729 Father Bernard de Montfaucon commissions Antonine Benoît to produce an accurate copy of the rest of the tapestry in 1729with instructions to 'reduce it to a given size, but to alter nothing' [FAWKE 1885]. <br>The images here are Benoît's unpublished sketches. Their accuracy has been criticised as Benoît attempted to make all of the panels a standard height. This has led so some stretching or compression of the images.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
*Current location - Unknown to the author.
<gallery>
File:Faucault 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
</gallery>
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===1730 Montfaucon engravings===
From Benoît’s sketches Bernard de Montfaucon's publishes published a copy of the tapestry in his ‘Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume II’ in 1730.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Montfaucon (1730) Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise – Volume II]]
<gallery>
File:Montfaucon 71a.jpg|Scene 71Death of HaroldFile:Montfaucon 72a.jpg|Scene 72Mounted PursuitFile:Montfaucon 73a.jpg|Scene 73The English Flee
</gallery>
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===1733 Lancelotengravings===In 1730 Lancelot composed and read a second memoir [FAWKE 1885]. From Benoît’s original sketches a set of engravings were made to accompany Lancelot's publishes a copy published paper in 1733.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* [[#References|Lancelot, M. (1733) 'Suite de L'Explication d'un Monument de Guillaume le Conquerant' in Memoires de Litterature, tirez des registres. De L'Academie Royale. Des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Depuis l'annee M. DCCXXVI.]]
<gallery>
File:Lancelot 71a.jpg|Scene 71 Death of Harold
File:Lancelot 73a.jpg|Scene 73 The English Flee
</gallery>
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===1767 Ducarel engravings===
Fawke states that Ducarel republished Montfaucon's engravings along with a description of the scenes made a few years previously by Mr. Smart Lethieullier.[FAWKE 1885]<br>
To me the drawings look more like those engraved for Lancelot's 1733 publication although they are not an exact copy of these either <br>.
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YQEbAAAAYAAJ&dq=antiquites+anglo-normandes+Ducarel&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=MVRfc9U0hd&sig=ilkS7A1SsWzKQjlH7kT97mFhqog&hl=en&ei=QuTBSsXeBNCK4QbIsvGLCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
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===1821-1823 Stothard sketches===In 1816 Charles Stothard is was commissioned to make a colour copy of the tapestry. He travels travelled to Bayeux 3 times to produce his water-colour drawing for the London Archaeological Society’s ‘Vetusta Monumenta’ published between 1821 and 1823. Stothold used stitch holes to try and fill in the missing bits and these reconstructions are included in his drawings.<br>At least 1 part Stothard apparently removed two pieces of the tapestry were removed by souvenir hunters such as StothardTapestry during his visits, the theft of which was originally blamed on his then fiancée. These parts were replaced by later reconstructionsand one of the fragments was eventually retuned to allow Dossetter permission to photograph the Tapestry in 1873. <br>
Stothard records some of his observations in a letter to Samuel Lysons, Esq. in 1821. [STOTHARD 1821]<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
* Stothard, Charles (1821) 'Some observations on the Bayeux Tapestry' from Archaeolgia , xix.
<gallery>
File:Stothard 1a.jpg|Scene 1King EdwardFile:Stothard 71a.jpg|Scene 71Death of HaroldFile:Stothard 72a.jpg|Scene 72Mounted PursuitFile:Stothard 73a.jpg|Scene 73The English Flee
</gallery>
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===1821? Stothard plastercastsplaster casts ===During one of his visits to Bayeux Stothard made 3 plastercasts [LAKING 1920]three plaster casts directly from the Tapestry. He first poured wax onto the tapestry which he then removed and filed with plaster. The casts were then hand painted.<br>
'''Bibliography'''<br>
*[http://makinghistory.sal.org.uk/page.php?cat=3 Society of Aniquaries of London Website]*[[#References|Laking (1920) for an image of the 3 casts]]
<gallery>
File:Stothard cast 1.jpg|Cast 1of Duke WilliamFile:Stothard cast 2.jpg|Cast 2All three casts
</gallery>
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===1824 Le Thieullier engraving===
Le Thieullier publication uses an exact copy of Ducarel's engraving of 1767.
'''Bibliography'''<br>
<gallery>
File:Thieullier 1a.jpg|Scene 1King EdwardFile:Thieullier 71a.jpg|Scene 71Death of HaroldFile:Thieullier 72a.jpg|Scene 72Mounted PursuitFile:Thieullier 73a.jpg|Scene 73The English Flee
</gallery>
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'''Bibliography'''<br>
<gallery>
File:Sansonetti 1a.jpg|Scene 1King EdwardFile:Sansonetti 71a.jpg|Scene 71Death of HaroldFile:Sansonetti 72a.jpg|Scene 72Mounted PursuitFile:Sansonetti 73a.jpg|Scene 73The English Flee
</gallery>
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'''Bibliography'''<br>
<gallery>
File:Fowke 1a.jpg|Scene 1King EdwardFile:Fowke 71a.jpg|Scene 71Death of HaroldFile:Fowke 72a.jpg|Scene 72Mounted PursuitFile:Fowke 73a.jpg|Scene 73The English Flee
</gallery>
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== What was restored in 1842? ==
In this section we will review items that have been comentated on as being false a few of the points raised over the restorations.<br>
===The arrow in Harold’s eye===
reconstructed Probably the most researched of all of the reconstruct arguments and what stated us writing this article. It is said that Stothard created the arrow from a few visible stitch holes. The counter argument is that the holes should have been reconstructed as a spear.<br>
===The first scene===
Lots There was a lot of damage{{gallery}}to the first part of the tapestry by Stothard's time. Two main points have been raised regarding this first scene:
*Edward Rex - <br>
:The word Edward was completely missing in all of the pre Stothard drawings. An argument has been put forward that the Tapestry originally used the 'XXX' for Edward as it does in scene XXX.*Harold’s moustache - <br>: Allegedly added to the fist panel scene to make him ‘more English’<br>[DAWSON 1907]. To me it seems more like here today, gone the next. The Faucault sketch seems to show a moustache but it has disappeared in the Montfaucon engravings. I suspect that the moustache was always there and that this was purely an artistic error.
===The last scene===
Lots Again lots of damage{{gallery}}*Mounted archer:This image is cited by reenactors wanting to shoot a bow whilst riding a horse prior to the 1st Crusade. It appears in a scene that has been heavily reconstructed. An alternative reconstruction shows two horsemen and an archer running alongside them. *Saxon escaping on horse - : No one is quite sure where this horse come from. None of the earlier sketches show anything like a horse here.*The English Flee???? <br>-(check exact text): This text is almost completely made up.
<nocite>
BRIDGEFORD2004
DAWSON1907
FOWKE1875
MONTFAUCON1730
STOTHARD1821
WILSON1985
</nocite>
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