Changes

{{Stars1Stars2|Category = Armour}} {{Shields}} Evidence for Viking age shield designs come primarily from art. Literature seems to only mention that the shields were painted. One of the things that differentiates post Roman shields from those of the Roman era is the use of spiral designs. These dominate on depictions of shields after AD 400. 16 silver pendants from Birka appear to copy shields complete with spiral design and possible shield handles. [ARWIDSSON 1989:p.9-11]  ==Colours=={{Evidence|Art=|Literature=|Archaeology=|Discussion=}}

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.800-900 Nancy Cathedral Treasury::*Manuscript: c.800-900 Vatican Lat.124:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c,.900-1000 Venice Cod. GrZ.479::*Manuscript: c.985-987 Vatican Lat . 9820::*Manuscript: c.1000-1050 Arras, BM MS 559 (435), vol. 1:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Cleopatra C VIII}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Add. 24199}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS 827}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Claudius B IV}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 296}}:Norman / Romance::*Textile: c.1076 Bayeux Tapestry::*Manuscript: c.1050-1100 BNF Lat 6 (1)::*Manuscript: c.1050-1100 BNF Lat 6 (2)<gallery>BL Add 24199 - shield3 Psychomachia.jpg|BL MS Add. 49598 PsychomachiaShields Vatican, MS Lat. 9820.jpg|Vatican Lat. 9820</gallery>

::*Manuscript: c.820-830 Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23 Stuttgart Psalter

::*Amulet: c.800 Silver Valkyrie figure, Hårby, Denmark.::*Amulet: Birka, Silver amulet, Gr.954

::*Manuscript: c.845-855 Vivian Bible::*Manuscript: c.849-851 Paris Lat 266

:Merovingian::*Stone Carving: Hornhausen C4th to 7th [DEVIRES and SMITH 2007:p.226]:Ottonian::*Ivory Situla: c.1000 Aachen Cathedral Treasury, Ivory Situla

:*Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.915 Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, ubb-B-IV:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.1000-1010 London, British Library, Harley 2886

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: {{ListRef|Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}::*Manuscript: {{ListRef|St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 2}}:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.1000 Munich clm 4453 2::*Manuscript: c.1000-1050 Arras, BM MS 559 (435), vol. 1:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Cleopatra C VIII}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Harley 603}}<gallery>file:Shields Arras, BM MS 559 (435), vol. 1, fol. 144v.JPG|Arras BM MS 559</gallery>

:Carolingian::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 2}}::*Manuscript: c.900 Bern cod. 264 Peristephanon::*Manuscript: c.900 Bern cod. 264 Pychomachia:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.990 Aachen, Liuthar Gospels::*Manuscript: c.1000 Munich clm 4453 2::*Manuscript: c.1000-1020 Bamberg MS A. II. 42 Bamberg Apocalypse

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.800-900 Rome, San Pao;o furori le Mura::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}::*Manuscript: c.825 Vercelli CLXV 9C::*Manuscript: c.850-950 Linden Cod. Perizoni F17 Maccabees::*Manuscript: c.870 Munich clm 14000:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 183}}

|width="135pt"|[[File:shield_spiral_dots7.jpg|100x100px|leftcenter]]

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Cleopatra C VIII}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Cleopatra C VIII}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Add. 49598}}:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.1025-1075 BL Harley 2908

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}:Scandinavian::*Amulet: Birka, Gr.58A; Gr.817<gallery>file:Birka shield amulet Gr.817.jpg|Birka Gr.817</gallery>

|width="135pt"|[[File:shield_spiral_triads10.jpg|100x100px|leftcenter]]

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Add. 49598<gallery>BL Add 24199 - shield2 Psychomachia.jpg|MS Add. 49598 Psychomachia</gallery>

|width="135pt"|[[File:shield_spiral_triadss12shield_spiral_triads12.jpg|100x100px|leftcenter]]

:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Add. 24199}}:*{{ListRef<gallery>BL Add 24199 - shield1 Psychomachia.jpg|London, British Library, MS Add. 49598}}Psychomachia</gallery>

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: {{ListRef|Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}:Anglo-Saxon::*{{ListRef|Manuscript: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 23}}: fol.2r

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: {{ListRef|Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}::*Manuscript: c.998-1018 BL Egerton 3763:Byzantine::*Manuscript: c.998-1018 Paris Psalter

:Insular::*Manuscript: c.875-900 St Johns College, MS 9. C, fol.68v, Southhampton Psalter 'Goliath':Scandinavian::*Amulet: c.900-1000 Hedeby, Valkyrie pendant|}

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.800-825 Amiens Corbie Psalter

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.800 Trier Apocalypse:Anglo-Saxon::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Claudius B IV::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius B V::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Caligula A XIV<gallery>File:Trier, Staatsbibliothek Cod.31 - Trier Apocalypse .jpg|Trier Apocalypse</gallery>

:*Anglo-Saxon::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Cotton Claudius B IV<gallery> </gallery>

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: {{ListRef|Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart, Bibl. fol. 23}}|} ===Curved Spokes==={||- valign="top"|width="135pt"|[[File:Shield spokes curved6.jpg|130x130px|left]]|''From Art''<br>:Scandinavian / Slavic::*Amulet: Poland, Lisow, Woj. Lubuskie

:*Norman / Romance::*Textile: Bayeux Tapestry

:Anglo-Saxon::*c.1000 Oxford Junius 11, Caedmon Manuscript p.57

:*Norman / Romance::*Textile: Bayeux Tapestry

:*Norman / Romance::*Textile: {{ListRef|Bayeux Tapestry}}

:Ottonian::*Carving: c.1015 Hildesheim door::*Manuscript: c.1000-1050 Arras, BM MS 559 (435), vol. 1

:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.1040-1055 Biblio. Mun. Avranches MS76:Anglo-Saxon::*Manuscript: London, British Library, MS Harley 603<gallery>file:Shields Arras, BM MS 559 (435), vol. 1, fol. 170r.JPG|Arras BM MS 559</gallery>

::*Manuscript: c.790-795 BNF Lat. 12048 Gellone Sacramentary

::*Textile: c.834 Oseberg Tapestry

:Carolingian::*Manuscript: c.800-825 Amiens BM MS18 Corbie Psalter::*Manuscript: c.820-830 Stuttgart, Bibl. Fol. 23 Stuttgart Psalter

:Carolingian::*c.820-830 Stuttgart, Bibl. Fol. 23 Stuttgart Psalter:Anglo-Saxon::*c.1050 BL London, British Library, MS Cotton Tiberius C VI, Tiberius Psalter, :fol.9r,16r

:Ottonian::*Manuscript: c.1000-1100 Biblio. Mun. Avranches MS50