Changes

This article is about metal fittings that were probably attached to [[Sword Scabbards]]. Peter Paulsen comprehensibly covered the subject of Viking sword scabbard chapes in 1953 in his book Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit [PAULSEN 1953].More recently Androshchuk has published an updated typology and catalogue of 174 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]<br>This article is primarily concerned with Scandinavian and Western European Chape styles. Paulsen discuss a number of Eastern European styles that we have not included here.<br>

{||- valign<gallery heights=170px mode="topPacked" idstyle="Englishtext-align: left;">|width="100pt"| [[File:Ashwell.jpg|thumb|100x150px|left]]''England, Hertfordshire''|width="600pt"| </gallery>{{evidence|Art|Literature|;Archaeology =

**Ashwell, Hertfordshire C9th. Tree of life design. (Letchworth Museum 1978.77) [https://northhertsmuseum.org/north-hertfordshire-museum/collections/object-details/547918/ North Hertfordshire Museum][http://www.dayofarchaeology.com/letchworth-museum-stories/ dayofarchaeology.com]] Note: We cannot verify this find in any other source.

 |Discussion}}|}<br>

Androshchuk dates lists 20 finds of this type and dates them to c.970s-980s [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-118]<br>

875-950AD<br>Odin as shape-shifting sorcerer and shaman. Protection. [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2006b2006B:p.321]<br>A small group of sword chapes combining Borre style decoration with a possible Christian motif - the Crucifixion. Possibly originated in Denmark. [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2006b2006B:p.315]<br>

=== Borre Style 2 1a ===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">Humberside chapeBM-Web Chape 1997,0102.1.jpg|''England, HumbersideSuffolk''Bautzen chape.jpg|''Germany, Bautzen''Hedeby Sword Chape Borre.JPG|''Germany, Hedeby''BM Gotland Chape.JPG|''Sweden, Änga''

9th;Archaeology*England:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 0 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]'':*Suffolk, England (British Museum BM 1997,0102.1) Their are doubts over the origin of this chape. Similar to chape from Nimschuetz in northern Germany [[https:/10th Century/britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=63621&partId=1 British Museum Website]] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.46, p.268] *Denmark:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268]'':*Roskilde. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A1 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268] *Norway:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268]'':*Steigen. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A5 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268] *Iceland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268]'':*Lundur (Reykjavik National Museum 5251) [PAULSEN 1953:no.3, p.49] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.330] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268] *Germany:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2,3; p.268]'':*Hedeby (Hedeby Viking Museum) [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.268] [SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]:*Nimschuetz, Bautzen (Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Dresden D252/83) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.263] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B1 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.268] *Sweden:''Paulsen lists 3 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.5,6,7; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 6 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.12,13,14,15,16,17; pp.268-269]'':*Skane. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A7 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.15; p.268]:*Gäfle, Gästrikland (National Museum of Denmark NMD 1.9418) [PAULSEN 1953:no.6; p.49] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.14; p.268]:*Änga, Gotland (British Museum 1921,1101.318) [https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=64797&partId=1 British Museum Website] [PAULSEN 1953:no.7; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group C [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.C1 p.107] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.13; p.268]:*Amsberg-Sör. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A6 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.17; p.268]:*:* *Finland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.8; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268]'':*Huittinen [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268] *Latvia:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7,8; p.268]'':* Āraiši. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A4 p.106] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.13] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7; p.268]:* Kristapinu. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A8 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.8; p.268] *Ukraine:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 3 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18,19,20; p.269]'':*Korosten. (Historical Museum Moscow GIM 105009 2575/1) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.310] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.20; p.269] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.47, p.268]:*Cherson. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.19; p.269]:*Shestevica. [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B4 p.106] [WOV 2003:cat.4333] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18; p.269] *Russia:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.9; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.10,11; p.268]'':*:*

=== Borre Style 3 1b ===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">R516Humberside chape.jpg|Norway''England, Humberside''

';Archaeology*England:*Hull [MILLS 2001:p101 fig.V281] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.126]*Iceland:''Paulsen's Type Ilists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6; p.268]'''<br>''''Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Scandinavian Group''''<br>Paulsen lists a total of 17 finds of this group :*Ljárskógum (Reykjavik National Museum) [PAULSEN 1953:pp.1749-2150, No.4, fig.55] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group 'Others' [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.Others2 p.107] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:p.354 no.5072] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.126]<br>

{{evidence=== Borre Style 2a ===|Art<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">R516.jpg|Literature''Norway, Rörvik'' Hedeby Sword Chape Borre Bird.JPG|''Germany, Hedeby''</gallery> '''Paulsen's Type I.1'''<br>''''Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Scandinavian Group''''<br>Paulsen lists a total of 12 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953:pp.17-21]<br><br> ;Archaeology =

:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1,2; p.272]'':*Hald, Ørslevkloster [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.18] [PEDERSEN 2014B:cat.200 p.87, pl.28.5a] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.272]:*Bjergene, Ballerup (National Museum of Denmark NMD C34512) [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.272] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.50, p.268]:*Hareskovby, Sjaelland. Bronze. [WOV 2003:pcat.1118]??? Not sure why this is not in Androshchuk? Mislabelled?  

:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.2,3; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5,6; p.272]'':**NorwayRörvik. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T1503) [[:File:R516.jpg|R516]]. [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=T1503 www.unimus.no T1503] [RYGH 1885:R516][GRIEG 1947:no.5; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.18]:*Kvalnes (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T2094) [GRIEG 1947:no.4; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] 

:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.272]'':**Hafurbjarnarstodum, IcelandTannstadabakka. [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [WOV 2003:cat.7097] *Germany:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.12; p.709118] ; Androshchuk lists 1 find [HAYEUR SMITH 2003ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.272]'':*Hedeby. [PAULSEN 1953:no.12; p.18] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.168272] 

:''Paulsen lists 7 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.5-11; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 8 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7-14; p.272]'':**Peppinge, Valleberga, Skane. Bronze. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.18] [WOV 2003:p.1170]|Discusssion}}

  === Borre Style 2b ===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed-hover" style="text-align: left;">Wolin Gdynia-Oksywie Chape.jpg|''Poland, WolinGdynia-Oksywie''

A variation on '''Andrshchuk Type ? (Appendix Type 7)'''<br>Androshchuk dates this type only seemingly found in Poland is Paulsen's type Ib2. Dated to 900the c.1050-1025ADearly 12th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp. 15-118]<br>Androshchuk lists a total of 6 finds of this group [JANOWSKI 2006ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.181275] <br>''NOTE: The chapes listed under Type 7 on page 275 bears no resemblance to the description of Type 7 as being "Urnes" on page 118. Androshchuk Type 7 description uses Paulsen's fig.184 [JANOWSKI 2007PAULSEN 1953:p.157-159126]which Paulsen describes as "Gotland Runestone Animal Style." which contains 12 finds. It appears that there may be an error in Androshchuk regarding this type. For our purposes we're defining Andrshchuk Type 7 as listed on page 275.''<br><br>

;Archaeology *Poland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.17; p.20]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.275]'':*Gdynia-Oksywie [JANOWSKI 2006:p.181] [PAULSEN 1953:no.17; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.275] *Russia:''Paulsen lists 4 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.13-16; p.20]; Androshchuk lists 4 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3-6; p.275]'':*Linkuhnen, Grave 175 [PAULSEN 1953:no.13; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.275]:*Lobertshoff [PAULSEN 1953:no.14; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.275]:*Wiskiauten, Grave 170c [PAULSEN 1953:no.15; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.275]:*Kathiten [PAULSEN 1953:no.16; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6; p.275]<br> A variation on this type only seemingly found in Poland is Janowski's type Ib2. Dated to 900-1025AD. [JANOWSKI 2006:p.181] [JANOWSKI 2007:p.157-159].<br><br> == Jelling Type 1Borre Style 3=={||- valign<gallery heights=170px mode="topPacked" idstyle="Jellingtext-align: left;">Arb.5 8a.jpg|width="100pt"| ''Sweden, Birka''</gallery> '''Paulsen's Type II.4'''<br>''''Chapes with quadruped and Palmette motif''''<br>Paulsen lists a total of 7 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953]:pp.54-55<br><br> '''Andrshchuk Type 4 (Appendix Type 4)'''<br>''''Borre interlaced Beast''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century [FileANDROSHCHUK 2014:Gjermundbu pp.15-121]<br>Androshchuk lists a total of 10 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br><br>'''Andrshchuk Type 5 (Appendix Type 4)'''<br>''''Single intertwined beast in Borre Style ''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type c.950-1000 [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>NOTE: The example chapefor Type 5 on page 117 appears in the appendix list as Type 4.jpg|thumb|100x150px|leftThe appendix Type 5 entries appear to be of type Paulsen I.1 - Variant.<br><br> ;Archaeology *Belorussia:* *Iceland:*Kirkjubolsdal [PAULSEN 1953:no.1 p.54][HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3582 p.167] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.2 p.273]|width*Sweden:*Birka Grave 496 [ARBMAN 1940:pl.5 no.8] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4 p.54, fig.62] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.10 p.273]:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.8 p.273]:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.9 p.273] *Finland:* Kalmumäki [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.3 p.273]:* [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.4 p.273] *Latvia:*Salaspils, Burg Holm (RDM 2301) [PAULSEN 1953:no.7 p.55] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.14] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5 p.273] == Jelling Style 1==<gallery heights=170px mode="600ptPacked"style="text-align: left;">YM Scabbard Chape 1947.551.49 (7462).jpg| England, York </gallery>

 '''Andrshchuk Type 66a'''<br>''''Single Beast in Jelling style''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to c.950-1000 and splits it into 3 sub groups [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>

 More usually found around the Baltic area. [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980: cat.273.]. 19 examples found in 6 different countries (Denmark, Germany, Iceland, England, Sweden & Russia) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992].<br>

|;Archaeology = 

*:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.38]; Androshchuk lists 1 find of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.273]'':*York (Yorkshire Museum) [PAULSEN 1953:no.38, p.38] [ROESDAHL 1981:p.108 cat.YD41, p120] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.274] [WOV 2003:cat.3126] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3 p.275] *Denmark:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.1,2; p.35]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1,2; p.273]'':*Chatburn Selling Hedelod, Ødum, Jutland (National Museum of Denmark NMD C16418) [EDWARDS 1998PAULSEN 1953:no.1, p.2835][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1 p.275] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.49, p.268] :*Bornholm [PAULSEN 1953:no.2, p.35] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2 p.275] 

**Gjermundbu. Found with a Petersen type S sword :''Paulsen lists 0 finds [ROESDAHL and WILSON 1992PAULSEN 1953] ; Androshchuk lists 0 finds [WOV: cat.3044ANDROSHCHUK 2014]'' 

:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.4,5; p.38]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8,6a-9; p.273-274]'':**HafurbjarnastadirHafurbjarnarstodum. Gilded copper-alloy found with Petersen type S sword. 900AD – 975AD AD 900–975 [GRIEG 1947:pl.XXVI.1] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.559 p.168] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.273]**Kirkjubolsdal [HAYEUR SMITH WOV 2003:cat.7091] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8; p.167273]*:*Vestfirdir [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3048 p.146][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-9; p.274] 

:**Mäntsälä, Saari. Copper-alloy [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.275] [WOV 2003:cat.2808] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4 p.275]*:*Satakunta. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:217][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2 p.276]<br>

|Discusssion =The similarity of the decoration with that of Oval Brooch type P57 has been noted by Paulsen [PAULSEN 1953], Wilson and Klindt-Jensen [WILSON & KLINDT-JENSEN 1966: 100-1] and Graham-Campbell [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.273].<br><br>

}}|} == Jelling Type Style 2=={||- valign<gallery heights=170px mode="topPacked" idstyle="Jellingtext-align: left;">Gjermundbu chape.jpg|width="100pt"| ''Norway, Gjermundbu''|width="600pt"| </gallery>

Paulsen lists a total of 9 finds of this group. [PAULSEN 1953:pp.3545-4447]<br>

 '''Andrshchuk Type 56b'''<br>''''Beast Two intertwined beasts in Jelling styleStyle ''''<br>

== Bird (Falcon) style ==*England{||- valign="top" id="Bird"|width="100pt"| :''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [FileANDROSHCHUK 2014:Lno.1 p.276]'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape':*Chatburn [EDWARDS 1998:p.jpg|thumb|100x150px|left28][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1 p.276]|width="600pt"|

*Norway:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 1 find of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':*Gjermundbu. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo C27317) [GRIEG 1947]:no.2; p.32] Found with a Petersen type S sword [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992] [WOV 2003:cat.3044, 5765] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275] *Sweden:''Paulsen lists 5 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Finland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Russia:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* ==Bird (Falcon) Style==Otherwise known as the 'Birka Bird'. Dated from late C9th to early C11th although at its most popular in the first half of the C10th. Hedenstierna Jonson identifies 67 finds spread mainly in Eastern Europe from Sweden to Byzantium [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2006B:p.] === Bird (Falcon) Style 1===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">Arb.5 7.jpg|''Norway''L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|''France, L'lle de Groix''</gallery> '''Paulsen's Type I.22a & I.2b'''<br>

Paulsen breaks the total of 32 finds of this group groups these into 4 sub groups: with a total of 9 finds [PAULSEN 1953:pp.22-34]<br>

 '''Andrshchuk Type 3a & 3b'''<br>

Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century. He splits this type into 2 sub groups [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>

Otherwise known as the 'Birka Bird'. Dated from late C9th to early C11th although at its most popular in the first half of the C10th. Hedenstierna Jonson identifies 67 finds spread mainly in Eastern Europe from Sweden to Byzantium [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2006B:p.]<br>{{evidence|Art|Literature|;Archaeology =

**[[:File:L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|L'Ile de Groix]]. [CHATELLIER & PONTOIS 1908] [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940] [GRIEG 1947: pl.XXVI.10] [WOV 2003:cat.5894] *Norway:*Maele, Gjerstad [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=B6983 B6983] [GRIEG 1947;no.3 p.32]:*Hedmark [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=C31395b C31395b]  *Sweden**Birka.  <br> === Bird (Falcon) Style 2===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;"> </gallery> '''Paulsen's Type I.2c & I.2d'''<br>''''Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Swedish-Varangian Group''''<br>Paulsen breaks this group into 2 sub groups with a total of 23 finds [PAULSEN 1953:pp.22-34]<br><br> '''Andrshchuk Type 3b'''<br>''''bird''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century. [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br><br> ;Archaeology

**Astad, Öland. Eastern Influence 850AD – 950AD [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.442] [WOV 2003:cat.1909]

**Wolin [WOV 2003:cat.986, 4555]

}}The [http://travellingnorth.nl/home/blog/index.html travellingnorth.nl] blog has a good article about this kind of chape.<br>|}<br>

== Eastern Style ==<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">Hedeby Sword Chape Eastern.JPG|''Germany, Hedeby'' </gallery> ;Archaeology*Germany:*Hedeby (Hedeby Viking Museum). Considered to be Eastern and was found in the harbour.[SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]  <!-- ==Eastern Styles==

<br> -->

{{Ref|Book=Schietzel 2014}}{{Ref|Book=Williams 2014}}{{Ref|Book=Wilson 1965& Klindt-Jensen 1966}}