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Sword Scabbard Chapes

4,713 bytes added, 11:58, 22 February 2020
== Introduction ==
This article is about metal fittings that were probably attached to [[Sword Scabbards]]. Peter Paulsen comprehensibly covered the subject of Viking sword scabbard chapes in 1953 in his book Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit [PAULSEN 1953]. More recently Androshchuk has published an updated typology and catalogue of 174 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]<br>
This article is primarily concerned with Scandinavian and Western European Chape styles. Paulsen discuss a number of Eastern European styles that we have not included here.<br>
<br>
Paulsen lists a total of 10 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953:pp.48-53]<br>
In his opinion they are very similar to Oval brooch of type P48A. [PAULSEN 1953:p.48]<br>
<br>
 
'''Hedenstierna-Jonson Type II:3'''<br>
''''Chapes with an anthropomorphic figure''''<br>
Hedenstierna-Jonson splits this type into 5 Sub-groups [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A5 p.106]<br>
*A - Chapes with animal-like features
*B - Chapes with a human head
*C - Chapes with an animal head like oval brooch P48
*D - Chapes with a distorted or misinterpreted motif
*Other - Chapes that don't fit any of the 4 above sub-groups
''Currently unable to tie sub-group D to Androshchuk lists''<br>
<br>
*England
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 0 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]''
:*Suffolk, England (British Museum BM 1997,0102.1) Their are doubts over the origin of this chape. Similar to chape from Nimschuetz in northern Germany [[https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=63621&partId=1 British Museum Website]] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.46, p.268]
*Denmark
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268]''
:*Roskilde. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A1 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268]
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268]''
:*Steigen. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A5 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268]
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268]''
:*Lundur (Reykjavik National Museum 5251) [PAULSEN 1953:no.3, p.49] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.330] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268]
*Germany
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2,3; p.268]''
:*Bautzen Hedeby (Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Dresden D252/83Hedeby Viking Museum) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992PAULSEN 1953:catno.2631; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.23; p.268] [SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]:*Hedeby Nimschuetz, Bautzen (Hedeby Viking MuseumLandesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Dresden D252/83) [PAULSEN 1953ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:nocat.1; 263] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B1 p.49106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.32; p.268] [SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]
*Sweden
:''Paulsen lists 3 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.5,6,7; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 6 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.12,13,14,15,16,17; pp.268-269]''
:*Skane. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A7 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.15; p.268]:*Gäfle, Gästrikland (National Museum of Denmark NMD 1.9418)[PAULSEN 1953:no.6; p.49] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.14; p.268]:*Änga, Gotland (British Museum1921,1101.318) [https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=64797&partId=1 British Museum Website] [PAULSEN 1953:no.7; p.49]Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group C [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.C1 p.107] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.13; p.268]:*Amsberg-Sör. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A6 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.17; p.268]:*:*
*Finland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.8; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268]''
:*Huittinen [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268]
*Latvia
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7,8; p.268]''
:* Āraiši . Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A4 p.106] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.13] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7; p.268]:* Kristapinu. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A8 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.8; p.268]
*Ukraine
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 3 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18,19,20; p.269]''
:*Korosten. (Historical Museum Moscow GIM 105009 2575/1) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.310] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.20; p.269] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.47, p.268]:*Cherson. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.19; p.269]:*Shestevica. [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B4 p.106] [WOV 2003:cat.4333] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18; p.269] 
*Russia
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.9; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.10,11; p.268]''
:*
:*
<br>
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6; p.268]''
:*Ljárskógum (Reykjavik National Museum) [PAULSEN 1953:pp.49-50, No.4, fig.55] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group 'Others' [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.Others2 p.107] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:p.354 no.5072] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.126]
<br>
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.2,3; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5,6; p.272]''
:*Rörvik. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T1503) [[:File:R516.jpg|R516]]. [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=T1503 www.unimus.no T1503] [RYGH 1885:R516] [GREIG GRIEG 1947:no.5; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.18]:*Kvalnes (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T2094) [GREIG GRIEG 1947:no.4; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18]
*Iceland
:*Peppinge, Valleberga, Skane. Bronze. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.18] [WOV 2003:p.1170]
*Poland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.5-11; p.18]; Androshchuk lists ? find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.??; p.272]''
*Latvia
:''Paulsen lists 0 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.5-11; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.15; p.272]''
*Lithuania=== Borre Style 2b ===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align:''Paulsen lists 0 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.5-11left; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.16">Gdynia-17; pOksywie Chape.272]jpg|''Poland, Gdynia-Oksywie''</gallery>
*Russia:''Paulsen lists 'Andrshchuk Type ? find (Appendix Type 7)'''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to the c.1050-early 12th century [PAULSEN 1953ANDROSHCHUK 2014:nopp.515-11; p.18118]; <br>Androshchuk lists 5 find a total of 6 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br>''NOTE: The chapes listed under Type 7 on page 275 bears noresemblance to the description of Type 7 as being "Urnes" on page 118.18-22; Androshchuk Type 7 description uses Paulsen's fig.184 [PAULSEN 1953:p.272126]which Paulsen describes as "Gotland Runestone Animal Style." which contains 12 finds. It appears that there may be an error in Androshchuk regarding this type. For our purposes we're defining Andrshchuk Type 7 as listed on page 275.''<br>
<br>
 
=== Borre Style 2b ===
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Wolin Chape.jpg|''Poland, Wolin''
</gallery>
'''Paulsen's Type I.1 - Variant'''<br>
;Archaeology
 
*Poland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.17; p.20]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.275]'':**Wolin Gdynia-Oksywie [JANOWSKI 2006:p.181] [PAULSEN 1953:no.17; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.275] *Russia:''Paulsen lists 4 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.13-16; p.20]; Androshchuk lists 4 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3-6; p.275]'':*Linkuhnen, Grave 175 [PAULSEN 1953:no.13; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.275]:*Lobertshoff [PAULSEN 1953:no.14; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.275]:*Wiskiauten, Grave 170c [PAULSEN 1953:no.15; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.275]:*Kathiten [PAULSEN 1953:no.16; p.20] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6; p.275]
<br>
</gallery>
'''Paulsen's Type II.4'''<br>''''Chapes with quadruped and Palmette motif''''<br>Paulsen lists a total of 7 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953]:pp.54-55<br><br> '''Andrshchuk Type 4(Appendix Type 4)'''<br>
''''Borre interlaced Beast''''<br>
Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-118121]<br>Androshchuk lists a total of 10 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br><br>'''Andrshchuk Type 5 (Appendix Type 4)'''<br>''''Single intertwined beast in Borre Style ''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type c.950-1000 [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>NOTE: The example chape for Type 5 on page 117 appears in the appendix list as Type 4. The appendix Type 5 entries appear to be of type Paulsen I.1 - Variant.<br>
<br>
 
;Archaeology
 
*Belorussia
:*
*Iceland
:*Kirkjubolsdal [PAULSEN 1953:no.1 p.54] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3582 p.167] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.2 p.273]
*Sweden
:*Birka Grave 496 [ARBMAN 1940:pl.5 no.8] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4 p.54, fig.62] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.10p10 p.273]:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.8 p.273]:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.9 p.273] *Finland:* Kalmumäki [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.3 p.273]:* [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.4 p.273] *Latvia:*Salaspils, Burg Holm (RDM 2301) [PAULSEN 1953:no.7 p.55] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.14] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5 p.273]
== Jelling Style 1==
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.4,5; p.38]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8,6a-9; p.273-274]''
:*Hafurbjarnarstodum. Gilded copper-alloy found with Petersen type S sword. AD 900–975 [GREIG GRIEG 1947:pl.XXVI.1] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.559 p.168] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.273] [WOV 2003:cat.7091] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8; p.273]
:*Vestfirdir [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3048 p.146] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-9; p.274]
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 1 find of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':*Gjermundbu. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo C27317) [GREIG GRIEG 1947]:no.2; p.32] Found with a Petersen type S sword [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992] [WOV 2003:cat.3044, 5765] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275] *Sweden:''Paulsen lists 5 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Finland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Russia:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':*
==Bird (Falcon) Style==
;Archaeology
*France
**[[:File:L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|L'Ile de Groix]]. [CHATELLIER & PONTOIS 1908] [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940] [GREIG GRIEG 1947: pl.XXVI.10] [WOV 2003:cat.5894]
*Norway
:*Maele, Gjerstad [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=B6983 B6983] [GREIG GRIEG 1947;no.3 p.32]
:*Hedmark [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=C31395b C31395b]
{{Ref|Book=Edwards 1998}}
{{Ref|Book=Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Book=Greig Grieg 1947}}
{{Ref|Book=Hammond 2010}}
{{Ref|Book=Hayeur Smith 2003}}
{{Ref|Book=Hedenstierna-Jonson 2002}}
{{Ref|Book=Hedenstierna-Jonson 2006B}}
{{Ref|Book=Janowski 2006}}
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