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Sword Scabbard Chapes

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== Introduction ==
This article is about metal fittings that were probably attached to [[Sword Scabbards]]. Peter Paulsen comprehensibly covered the subject of Viking sword scabbard chapes in 1953 in his book Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit [PAULSEN 1953]. More recently Androshchuk has published an updated typology and catalogue of 174 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]<br>
This article is primarily concerned with Scandinavian and Western European Chape styles. Paulsen discuss a number of Eastern European styles that we have not included here.<br>
<br>
Paulsen lists a total of 10 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953:pp.48-53]<br>
In his opinion they are very similar to Oval brooch of type P48A. [PAULSEN 1953:p.48]<br>
<br>
 
'''Hedenstierna-Jonson Type II:3'''<br>
''''Chapes with an anthropomorphic figure''''<br>
Hedenstierna-Jonson splits this type into 5 Sub-groups [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A5 p.106]<br>
*A - Chapes with animal-like features
*B - Chapes with a human head
*C - Chapes with an animal head like oval brooch P48
*D - Chapes with a distorted or misinterpreted motif
*Other - Chapes that don't fit any of the 4 above sub-groups
''Currently unable to tie sub-group D to Androshchuk lists''<br>
<br>
*England
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 0 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]''
:*Suffolk, England (British Museum BM 1997,0102.1) Their are doubts over the origin of this chape. Similar to chape from Nimschuetz in northern Germany [[https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=63621&partId=1 BM 1997,0102.1British Museum Website]]) [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.46, p.268]
*Denmark
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268]''
:*Roskilde. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A1 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.268]
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268]''
:*Steigen. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A5 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.9; p.268]
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268]''
:*Lundur (Reykjavik National Museum 5251) [PAULSEN 1953:no.3, p.49] [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.330] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5; p.268]
*Germany
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2,3; p.268]''
:*Bautzen Hedeby (Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Dresden D252/83Hedeby Viking Museum) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992PAULSEN 1953:catno.2631; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.23; p.268] [SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]:*Hedeby Nimschuetz, Bautzen (Hedeby Viking MuseumLandesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Dresden D252/83) [PAULSEN 1953ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:nocat.1; 263] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B1 p.49106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.32; p.268] [SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578]
*Sweden
:''Paulsen lists 3 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.5,6,7; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 6 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.12,13,14,15,16,17; pp.268-269]''
:*Skane. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A7 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.15; p.268]:*Gäfle, Gästrikland (National Museum of Denmark NMD 1.9418)[PAULSEN 1953:no.6; p.49] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.14; p.268]:*Änga, Gotland (British Museum1921,1101.318) [https://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=64797&partId=1 British Museum Website] [PAULSEN 1953:no.7; p.49]Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group C [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.C1 p.107] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.13; p.268]:*Amsberg-Sör. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A6 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.17; p.268]:*:*
*Finland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.8; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268]''
:*Huittinen [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.268]
*Latvia
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds [PAULSEN 1953:p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7,8; p.268]''
:* Āraiši . Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A4 p.106] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.13] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7; p.268]:* Kristapinu. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group A [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.A8 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.8; p.268]
*Ukraine
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 3 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18,19,20; p.269]''
:*Korosten. (Historical Museum Moscow GIM 105009 2575/1) [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:cat.310] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B2 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.20; p.269] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.47, p.268]:*Cherson. Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B3 p.106] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.19; p.269]:*Shestevica. [PAULSEN 1953:no.10; p.49] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group B [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.4.B4 p.106] [WOV 2003:cat.4333] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.18; p.269] 
*Russia
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.9; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.10,11; p.268]''
:*
:*
<br>
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.49]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6; p.268]''
:*Ljárskógum (Reykjavik National Museum) [PAULSEN 1953:pp.49-50, No.4, fig.55] Hedenstierna-Jonson Sub-group 'Others' [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2002:fig.5.Others2 p.107] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:p.354 no.5072] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.126]
<br>
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.2,3; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5,6; p.272]''
:*Rörvik. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T1503) [[:File:R516.jpg|R516]]. [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=T1503 www.unimus.no T1503] [RYGH 1885:R516] [GREIG GRIEG 1947:no.5; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.18]:*Kvalnes (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T2094) [GREIG GRIEG 1947:no.4; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18]
*Iceland
</gallery>
'''Andrshchuk Type ? (Appendix Type 7'''<br>''''Urnes style')'''<br>
Androshchuk dates this type to the c.1050-early 12th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-118]<br>
Androshchuk lists a total of 6 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br>
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Arb.5 8a.jpg|''Sweden, Birka''
</gallery>
 
'''Andrshchuk Type 4'''<br>
''''Borre interlaced Beast''''<br>
Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-118]<br>
<br>
 
*Iceland
:*Kirkjubolsdal [PAULSEN 1953:no.1 p.54] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3582 p.167] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.12 p.273]
 
*Sweden
:*Birka Grave 496 [ARBMAN 1940:pl.5 no.8] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4 p.54, fig.62] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.10p.273]
 
==Borre Style 4==
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
 
</gallery>
<br>
'''Andrshchuk Type 4 (Appendix Type 4)'''<br>''''Borre interlaced Beast''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>Androshchuk lists a total of 10 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br><br>'''Andrshchuk Type 5(Appendix Type 4)'''<br>
''''Single intertwined beast in Borre Style ''''<br>
Androshchuk dates this type to c.950-1000 [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br>NOTE: The example chape for Type 5 on page 117 appears in the appendix list as Type 4. The appendix Type 5 entries appear to be of type Paulsen I.1 - Variant.<br>
<br>
;Archaeology
 
*Belorussia
:*
 
*Iceland
:*Kirkjubolsdal [PAULSEN 1953:no.1 p.54] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3582 p.167] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.2 p.273]
 
*Sweden
:*Birka Grave 496 [ARBMAN 1940:pl.5 no.8] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4 p.54, fig.62] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.10 p.273]
:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.8 p.273]
:*[ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.9 p.273]
 
*Finland
:* Kalmumäki [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.3 p.273]
:* [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:Type 4 no.4 p.273]
 
*Latvia
:*Salaspils, Burg Holm (RDM 2301) [PAULSON PAULSEN 1953:no.7 p.55] [VON CARNAP-BORNHEIM 2008:p.174-175 no.53.14] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5 p.273]
== Jelling Style 1==
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.4,5; p.38]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8,6a-9; p.273-274]''
:*Hafurbjarnarstodum. Gilded copper-alloy found with Petersen type S sword. AD 900–975 [GREIG GRIEG 1947:pl.XXVI.1] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.559 p.168] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.273] [WOV 2003:cat.7091] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8; p.273]
:*Vestfirdir [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3048 p.146] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-9; p.274]
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 0 finds 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists 1 find of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':*Gjermundbu. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo C27317) [GREIG GRIEG 1947]:no.2; p.32] Found with a Petersen type S sword [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992] [WOV 2003:cat.3044, 5765] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275] *Sweden:''Paulsen lists 5 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Finland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Russia:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':*
==Bird (Falcon) Style==
;Archaeology
*France
**[[:File:L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|L'Ile de Groix]]. [CHATELLIER & PONTOIS 1908] [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940] [GREIG GRIEG 1947: pl.XXVI.10] [WOV 2003:cat.5894]
*Norway
:*Maele, Gjerstad [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=B6983 B6983] [GREIG GRIEG 1947;no.3 p.32]
:*Hedmark [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=C31395b C31395b]
{{Ref|Book=Edwards 1998}}
{{Ref|Book=Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Book=Greig Grieg 1947}}
{{Ref|Book=Hammond 2010}}
{{Ref|Book=Hayeur Smith 2003}}