Changes

There are only two typologies for Viking Age axes, Petersen from 1919 and Wheeler from 2017. No one has reviewed the typology of axes since Wheeler in 1927. [OTTAWAY 2009]<br><br>Petersen [Pertersen 1919] used the following to determine the typology:<br>* The shaft hole lobes - can be long or short, more or less pointed, or cut clean, upper and lower lobes can be of different length, they can be directly opposed to each other, or offset, one further forward than the other[Petersen 1919]. <br>Projecting spurs are a feature of Scandinavian rather than Anglo-Saxon axe heads. [Pearson 1981:p. 161]* The width behind the shaft hole - The older types have a long and wide portion behind the shaft hole[Pertersen 1919] .* The blade - can be more or less curved outward, more curved out below than above, and even be sloped in relation to the shaft hole section[Pertersen 1919].<br>Side axes are characterized by being sharpened on only one side of their blade giving an asymmetrical cutting edge. This makes them able to cut at a low angle, achieving a smooth surface. [LEAHY 2003:p.17]