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10:47, 31 May 2017 {{Regia Accessories}}
{{Regia Tabs}}
===Images of Seaxes (C8th to C11th)===
* 775-800AD St. Andrew Sarcophagus
* C8th England, Derbyshire, Repton. Stone carving, [CAMERON 2000:p.200] [HINTON 2005: p.105]
* 850-900AD Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, Lat. 9987. Psychomachia
* C9th Paris, BNF, Lat. 8085 fol.57r. Virtue, armed with a sword and seax, combating a Vice. [BNF]
* C10th Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, ms. 10066-77 Psychomachia f.112r-139r
* England, Dorset, Cranborne. Silver strap-end [HINTON 2005: p.113]
* Middleton Warrior [BAILEY 1980:pl.14]
* 975-1000AD Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS23, f.23r.[PARKER]
* 1025-1050AD Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS lat 8824 - seax.jpg [OHLGREN 1992]
* 1076AD Bayeux Tapestry [WILSON 1985:pl.6, 7]
<gallery>
Scotland, St Andrew Sarcophagus.jpg|St. Andrew Sarcophagus
Repton_Stone.jpg|Repton Stone
Paris,_Bibliothèque_Nationale_de_France,_Lat._8085_seax.jpg| Paris, BNF, Lat. 8085
England, Middleton Warrior, Stone Carving.jpg|Middleton Warrior
Brussels,_Bibliotheque_Royale,_ms._10066-77_seax.jpg|Brussels Bib. ms. 10066-77
Cranborne_Silver_strap-end.jpg|Cranbourne Strap End
Paris,_Bibliothèque_Nationale,_MS_lat_8824_-_seax.jpg|Paris, BNF, Lat. 8824
Bayeux_Tapestry_seax.JPG|Bayeux Tapestry
</gallery>
<br>
===Literature (C9th to C11th)===
* Beowulf c.1000AD
** "Grendel's mother; the hard man of conflict then heaved, now that he was enraged, the deadly foe, so that she fell to the floor; she again him quickly gave hand-reward with wrathful grips and clutched him against herself; hen, weary in spirit, he stumbled, the strongest man, warrior on foot, so that he was in a fall; then she bestrode the guest in her hall, and drew her seax, broad and bright-edged; she wished to avenge her son, only offspring;" lines 1538-1547 [http://www.heorot.dk/beowulf-rede-text.html heorot.dk]<br>
** "Then again the king himself gathered his wits, drew a slaughter-seax bitter and battle-sharp, that he wore on his byrnie;" lines 2702-2704 [http://www.heorot.dk/beowulf-rede-text.html heorot.dk]<br>
** "beside him lies his life-contender sick with seax-wounds" line 2903-2904 [http://www.heorot.dk/beowulf-rede-text.html heorot.dk]<br>
<br>
===English Seax Blades (C9th to C11th)===
[[File:Seax Blades.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Seax Blades]]
Out of 128 knives found from Coppergate York, only 1 can be classed as a seax. [CAMERON 2000: p.64-65]<br>
{|
|- valign="top" id="BC1"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_Dimmock_Cote.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Dimmock's Cote]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Cambridge, River Cam at Dimmock's Cote'''
:Current Location- University of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge
:Type- ? 800AD
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments- 'large scramasax with a groove along the back of the blade' [BJORN 1940:p.69].
:Bibliography- [BJORN 1940:p.69]
|- valign="top" id="BC2"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_Cumwhitton_634.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Cumwhitton 634]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Cumwhitton, Plough Soil'''
:Current Location- Tullie House Museum
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: 30mm; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 220mm
:Comments- 'Patern-welded blade with remains of possible leather sheath still attached' [PATERSON 2014:cat.634].
:Bibliography- [PATERSON 2014:p.50,51 & Cat.634]
|- valign="top" id="BC3"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_Cumwhitton_885.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Cumwhitton 885]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Cumwhitton, Grave 5'''
:Current Location- Tullie House Museum
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: 182mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 270mm
:Comments- 'Part pattern welded. Has a horn handle with inlaid silver wire.' [PATERSON 2014:cat.885].
:Bibliography- [PATERSON 2014:p.110 & Cat.885]
|- valign="top" id="BK1"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_Sittingbourne.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Sittingbourne]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Kent, Sittingbourne'''
:Current Location- British Museum 1881,0623.1
:Type- Wheeler IV 900-925AD
:Find Date- 1881
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments- 'inlaid with copper, bronze, silver and niello.' [WILSON 1964:cat.80].
:Bibliography- [WILSON 1964:cat.80] [[http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=476352&objectId=95276&partId=1 British Museum]]
|- valign="top" id="BL1"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_ALG84_588_381.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London'''
:Current Location- London Museum ALG84[588]381
:Type- Wheeler III/II 1000-1100AD
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 247mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [[http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/Online/object.aspx?objectID=object-146014&rows=1&start=0 Museum of London]]
|- valign="top" id="BL2"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_1856_Honey_Lane.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London 1856]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Honey Lane'''
:Current Location- British Museum 1856,7-1,1413
:Type- Wheeler IV 978-1016AD
:Find Date- 1856
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 327mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WILSON 1965:Cat.43]
|- valign="top" id="BL3"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_1879_Park_Street.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London 1879]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Park Street'''
:Current Location- British Museum 1879,12-22.1
:Type- 800-1000AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 266mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WILSON 1965:Cat.81]
|- valign="top" id="BL4"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_Princes_Street.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London Princes St]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Princes Street'''
:Current Location- London Museum 29.94,17 (Wheeler no.21)
:Type- 900-1000AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL5"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_1859_Thames.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London 1859]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London,Thames'''
:Current Location- British Museum 1859,1-22.12
:Type- 800-1000AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 232mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WILSON 1965:Cat.50]
|- valign="top" id="BL6"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A1781.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A1781]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames'''
:Current Location- London Museum A1781 (Wheeler no.25)
:Type- 900-1100AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: 247mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: 334mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL7"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A9313.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A9313]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Blackfriars'''
:Current Location- London Museum A9313 (Wheeler no.8)
:Type- 800-1000AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL8"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A10721.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A10721]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Brentford'''
:Current Location- London Museum A10721 (Wheeler no.11)
:Type- 700-900AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL9"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A13935.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A13935]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Brentford'''
:Current Location- London Museum A13935 (Wheeler no.22)
:Type- 900-1100AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL10"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_O2136.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London O2136]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Brentford'''
:Current Location- London Museum O2136
:Type- 500-700AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: 181mm; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [MUSEUM OF LONDON]
|- valign="top" id="BL11"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A24399.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A24399]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Fulham'''
:Current Location- London Museum A24399 (Wheeler no.18)
:Type- Wheeler IV 900-1000AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
|- valign="top" id="BL12"
|width="100pt"| [[File:seax_London_A24909.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London A24909]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Thames at Fulham'''
:Current Location- London Museum A24909 (Wheeler no.17)
:Type- Wheeler III/II 900-1100AD
:Find Date-
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Blade Width: ?; Blade Thickness: ?; Total Length: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [WHEELER 1935:p.]
* England, London. One find from cheapside could have had a blade of 25cm. [CAMERON 2000: p.64-65]
|}
<br>
===English style Seax Sheathes (C9th to C11th)===
[[File:Seax Sheaths.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Seax Sheaths]]
Seax sheaths are made from substantial leather up to 3mm thick and closed by rivets about 4 to 5cm apart. In England there are 12 finds of Seax sheaths out of a total of 61 [CAMERON 2000: p.64-65]<br>
{|
|- valign="top" id="O1"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Aachen.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Aachen]]
|width="600pt"| '''Germany, Aachen'''
:Current Location- Aachen Cathedral Treasury (Okasha 1992 cat.1)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- before 1860
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 470mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments- Contains a name in Old English
:Bibliography- [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.1 pl.IV]
|- valign="top" id="T5918"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Trondheim_T5919.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Trondheim_T5918]]
|width="600pt"| '''Norway, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag '''
:Current Location- ? (Okasha 1992 cat.12)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments- Contains a name in Old English
:Bibliography- [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.12 pl.V]
|- valign="top" id="T5919"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Trondheim_T5919.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Trondheim_T5919]]
|width="600pt"| '''Norway, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag '''
:Current Location- ? (Okasha 1992 cat.13)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments- Contains a name in Old English
:Bibliography- [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.13 pl.V]
|- valign="top" id="C.DLS4"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Dublin_DLS4.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Dublin DLS4]]
|width="600pt"| '''Ireland, Dublin, Christchurch Place'''
:Current Location- ? (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 4)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 367mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2007:p.]
|- valign="top" id="C.DLS5"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Dublin_DLS5.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Dublin DLS5]]
|width="600pt"| '''Ireland, Dublin, Christchurch Place'''
:Current Location- ?, E122:12660 (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 5) (Okasha 1992 cat.2)
:Type- ? 1050-1075AD
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 295mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2007:p.] [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.2]
|- valign="top" id="C.DLS11"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Dublin_DLS11.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Dublin DLS11]]
|width="600pt"| '''Ireland, Dublin, Fishamble Street'''
:Current Location- ? (Cameron 2007 cat.DLS 11)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 405mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2007:p.]
|- valign="top" id="C.349"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Gloucester_sf.65.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Gloucester 349]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Gloucester, 11-17 Southgate Street'''
:Current Location- Gloucester City Museum, GLRCM 85/1968 sf.65 (Cameron 2000 cat.349) (Okasha 1992 cat.3)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- 1968
:Size- Blade Length: 170mm ; Total Length: 190mm ; Total Width: 68mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.] [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.3]
|- valign="top" id="C.350"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Gloucester_sf.7.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Gloucester 350]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Gloucester, Berkeley Street'''
:Current Location- Gloucester City Museum, GLRCM 19/79 sf.7 (Cameron 2000 cat.350) (Okasha 1992 cat.4)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: 200mm ; Total Length: 415mm ; Total Width: 70mm
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.] [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.4]
|- valign="top" id="C.114"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_Hexham.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=Hexham 114]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, Hexham'''
:Current Location- Hexham (Cameron 2000 cat.114) (Okasha 1992 cat.5)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ? ; Total Length: 100mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.] [OKASHA 1992:p.64 cat.5]
*York 115
*York 214
*York 215
|- valign="top" id="C.205"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_York_sf.754.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=York sf.754]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, York, Parliament Street'''
:Current Location- ? sf.754 (Cameron 2000 cat.205)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.112]
|- valign="top" id="C.206"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_York_Coppergate.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=York Coppergate]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, York, Coppergate'''
:Current Location- ? (Cameron 2000 cat.206)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.]
|- valign="top" id="C.207"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_York_sf.753.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=York sf.753]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, York, Parliament Street'''
:Current Location- ? sf.753 (Cameron 2000 cat.207)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.113]
|- valign="top" id="C.347"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_York_sf.4332.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=York sf.4332]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, York'''
:Current Location- ? sf.4332 (Cameron 2000 cat.347)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.135]
|- valign="top" id="C.144"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_London_Trump_Street.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London Trump Street]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Trump Street'''
:Current Location- Museum of London, MOL ? (Cameron 2000 cat.144)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- ?
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: ? ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [CAMERON 2000:p.]
|- valign="top" id="C.145"
|width="100pt"| [[File:sheath_London_Cheapside.jpg|thumb|130x150px|left|alt=London Cheapside]]
|width="600pt"| '''England, London, Cheapside'''
:Current Location- Museum of London, MOL 11674 (Cameron 2000 cat.145) (Okasha 1992 cat.6)
:Type- ?
:Find Date- 1927
:Size- Blade Length: ?; Total Length: 390mm ; Total Width: ?
:Comments-
:Bibliography- [VINCE 1991] [CAMERON 2000:p.208] [OKASHA 1992:cat.6]
|}
<br>
===A few Seax Sheathes from the C8th===
* Dover, Buckland, grave 145, leather sheath dated to 700-750AD
* London, River Thames nr. Westminster Bridge, metal fittings, late C8th