Difference between revisions of "Buckets & Barrels"
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− | + | =Summary by Region= | |
− | + | ==England== | |
*{{ListRef|Morris 2000|}} | *{{ListRef|Morris 2000|}} | ||
− | + | ==Ireland== | |
A number of buckets have been found. As well as those listed on this page we are aware of:<br> | A number of buckets have been found. As well as those listed on this page we are aware of:<br> | ||
Small Bucket C9th - Co. Antrim, Carnmoney Hill [Comey 2010:p.8]<br> | Small Bucket C9th - Co. Antrim, Carnmoney Hill [Comey 2010:p.8]<br> | ||
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*{{ListRef|Comey 2010|p.}} | *{{ListRef|Comey 2010|p.}} | ||
− | + | ==Denmark, Hedeby== | |
− | ==Harbour and Settlement== | + | ===Harbour and Settlement=== |
Besides one complete stave constructed bucket (21.8cm high, 27cm diameter) and one complete tub, 259 individual staves, handle staves and "Daubenpassstuecke" (the final, usually smaller stave, used to complete the vessel) were found. These staves would have been from buckets, barrels, tubs and shallow bowls, though most were open topped as only one stave, of 107 with a complete length, had two grooves for a bottom and a lid and was from a small barrel 54cm high. Most of them were made from imported pine and were probably made form the large (2.5m x 0.8m diam.) barrels (as seen on the Bayeux Tapestry), which were also used to line 29 of the town's wells. Oak (65, 29%) and yew (28, 13%) were also used. The staves varied in length from 8.4-88cm, with most falling between 10-30cm, the width ranging 1.7-19.5cm with most between 3-7cm. The thickness ranges from 4-27mm, with most being between 10-15mm. | Besides one complete stave constructed bucket (21.8cm high, 27cm diameter) and one complete tub, 259 individual staves, handle staves and "Daubenpassstuecke" (the final, usually smaller stave, used to complete the vessel) were found. These staves would have been from buckets, barrels, tubs and shallow bowls, though most were open topped as only one stave, of 107 with a complete length, had two grooves for a bottom and a lid and was from a small barrel 54cm high. Most of them were made from imported pine and were probably made form the large (2.5m x 0.8m diam.) barrels (as seen on the Bayeux Tapestry), which were also used to line 29 of the town's wells. Oak (65, 29%) and yew (28, 13%) were also used. The staves varied in length from 8.4-88cm, with most falling between 10-30cm, the width ranging 1.7-19.5cm with most between 3-7cm. The thickness ranges from 4-27mm, with most being between 10-15mm. | ||
Most buckets were cylindrical with two handle staves opposite each other with holes in the top to take a rope or iron handle. | Most buckets were cylindrical with two handle staves opposite each other with holes in the top to take a rope or iron handle. | ||
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*{{ListRef|Westphal 2006|p. 37-44}} | *{{ListRef|Westphal 2006|p. 37-44}} | ||
− | ==Graves== | + | ===Graves=== |
− | =Metal covered buckets= | + | ====Metal covered buckets==== |
Stave constructed buckets that were completely covered in decorated metal sheet were found in 3 chamber graves in Hedeby. | Stave constructed buckets that were completely covered in decorated metal sheet were found in 3 chamber graves in Hedeby. | ||
* Chamber grave I: male burial, 50cm diameter, 40cm high, 78.5l volume. The bucket was covered in multiple, overlapping iron sheets which were stamped with a triangle pattern. The iron sheets were originally tinned. They were held in place with triangular section iron hoops. The bucket had 4 rings for carrying. | * Chamber grave I: male burial, 50cm diameter, 40cm high, 78.5l volume. The bucket was covered in multiple, overlapping iron sheets which were stamped with a triangle pattern. The iron sheets were originally tinned. They were held in place with triangular section iron hoops. The bucket had 4 rings for carrying. | ||
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Also, unusually, covered in bronze sheets with a stamped triangle design which were bound by 6 triangular section iron hoops. | Also, unusually, covered in bronze sheets with a stamped triangle design which were bound by 6 triangular section iron hoops. | ||
− | =Metal bound buckets= | + | ====Metal bound buckets==== |
Stave constructed buckets which were bound with simple, narrow triangular cross section iron hoops were found in 8 graves (chamber graves V, VII, VIII, 4, 6, the boot chamber grave, graves 497, 810). They had a volume of up to 20l, except for the boot chamber grave bucket which was a bit bigger (38.5l volume). They all have a iron handle. The boot chamber grave bucket has additional decorative cross shaped fittings and is probably of carolingian origin. | Stave constructed buckets which were bound with simple, narrow triangular cross section iron hoops were found in 8 graves (chamber graves V, VII, VIII, 4, 6, the boot chamber grave, graves 497, 810). They had a volume of up to 20l, except for the boot chamber grave bucket which was a bit bigger (38.5l volume). They all have a iron handle. The boot chamber grave bucket has additional decorative cross shaped fittings and is probably of carolingian origin. | ||
− | ==Log buckets== | + | ====Log buckets==== |
One possible log bucket was found in chamber grave 1. Only 5 rows of iron nails remain, which might have been decorative nails on a hollowed out log bucket. | One possible log bucket was found in chamber grave 1. Only 5 rows of iron nails remain, which might have been decorative nails on a hollowed out log bucket. | ||
− | + | ==Norway== | |
"In the Oseberg find we have quite a large brass-bound bucket, apart from 3 other buckets and fragments of 8 others. Similarly, there are 3 barrels... From the other large ship find, the Gokstad find, there are 2 buckets, 1 barrel..." | "In the Oseberg find we have quite a large brass-bound bucket, apart from 3 other buckets and fragments of 8 others. Similarly, there are 3 barrels... From the other large ship find, the Gokstad find, there are 2 buckets, 1 barrel..." | ||
*{{ListRef|Petersen 1951|p. 529}} | *{{ListRef|Petersen 1951|p. 529}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Denmark== | ||
==Stave buckets with wooden hoops== | ==Stave buckets with wooden hoops== |
Revision as of 13:33, 24 February 2017
Buckets & Barrels |
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More Furniture & Storage pages
Introduction
Summary by Region
England
Ireland
A number of buckets have been found. As well as those listed on this page we are aware of:
Small Bucket C9th - Co. Antrim, Carnmoney Hill [Comey 2010]:p.8
Small turned bucket - Co. Clare, Derreen. Found inside the Derren bucket [Comey 2010]:p.8
Denmark, Hedeby
Harbour and Settlement
Besides one complete stave constructed bucket (21.8cm high, 27cm diameter) and one complete tub, 259 individual staves, handle staves and "Daubenpassstuecke" (the final, usually smaller stave, used to complete the vessel) were found. These staves would have been from buckets, barrels, tubs and shallow bowls, though most were open topped as only one stave, of 107 with a complete length, had two grooves for a bottom and a lid and was from a small barrel 54cm high. Most of them were made from imported pine and were probably made form the large (2.5m x 0.8m diam.) barrels (as seen on the Bayeux Tapestry), which were also used to line 29 of the town's wells. Oak (65, 29%) and yew (28, 13%) were also used. The staves varied in length from 8.4-88cm, with most falling between 10-30cm, the width ranging 1.7-19.5cm with most between 3-7cm. The thickness ranges from 4-27mm, with most being between 10-15mm. Most buckets were cylindrical with two handle staves opposite each other with holes in the top to take a rope or iron handle. The bottoms ranged in diameter from 10.8-55.8cm with most ranging from 10-30cm. Most bottoms were constructed from Oak (86, 75%) and were made from 2 or 3 planks dowelled together. 63 wooden hoops for fastening around the vessels were found. Most were pine (26, 31%) and yew (23, 27%) but also ash, hazel, willow, alder, fir and maple. Most (41) are semi-circular split branches, but there are also round, oval and square examples. The preserved lengths range from 6.4cm-95.3cm, and the width from 6mm-3.7cm with most between 1-2cm, the thicknesses are between 3-13mm. The ends that overlap eachother had small cuts and then were wrapped with willow bast(3), bark (2) or leather (1). Others (16) were fastened with small nails.
Graves
Metal covered buckets
Stave constructed buckets that were completely covered in decorated metal sheet were found in 3 chamber graves in Hedeby.
- Chamber grave I: male burial, 50cm diameter, 40cm high, 78.5l volume. The bucket was covered in multiple, overlapping iron sheets which were stamped with a triangle pattern. The iron sheets were originally tinned. They were held in place with triangular section iron hoops. The bucket had 4 rings for carrying.
- Chamber grave IX: unknown gender 23cm diameter, 21cm high 8.3l volume
Unusually for this type of bucket in the baltic area this one is covered in bronze sheet stamped with a triangle pattern.
- Chamber grave 2: female, 31cm diameter, 33cm high, 24.9l volume
Also, unusually, covered in bronze sheets with a stamped triangle design which were bound by 6 triangular section iron hoops.
Metal bound buckets
Stave constructed buckets which were bound with simple, narrow triangular cross section iron hoops were found in 8 graves (chamber graves V, VII, VIII, 4, 6, the boot chamber grave, graves 497, 810). They had a volume of up to 20l, except for the boot chamber grave bucket which was a bit bigger (38.5l volume). They all have a iron handle. The boot chamber grave bucket has additional decorative cross shaped fittings and is probably of carolingian origin.
Log buckets
One possible log bucket was found in chamber grave 1. Only 5 rows of iron nails remain, which might have been decorative nails on a hollowed out log bucket.
Norway
"In the Oseberg find we have quite a large brass-bound bucket, apart from 3 other buckets and fragments of 8 others. Similarly, there are 3 barrels... From the other large ship find, the Gokstad find, there are 2 buckets, 1 barrel..."
Denmark
Stave buckets with wooden hoops
England, York
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Ireland, Dublin
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Ireland, Cloonarragh
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Ireland,
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Denmark, Mammen
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Denmark, Vorbasse
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Norway, Oseberg no.18b
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Norway, Oseberg no.24
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Norway, Oseberg no.86
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Norway, Oseberg no.186
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Norway, Oseberg no.298
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Norway, Oseberg no.301
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Norway, Oseberg no.302
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Sweden, Lund
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Buckets with iron hoops
Denmark, Hedeby
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Buckets with copper-alloy mounts or hoops
According to Petersen most of the buckets with copper-alloy mounts or hoops appear to be insuler in origin [PETERSEN 1940] [PETERSEN 1951].
Ireland, Co. Meath: Clonard
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Ireland, Co. Galway
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Ireland, Co. Clare: Derren
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Ireland, Co. Louth: River Glyde nr. Annagassan
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Ireland, Co. Roscommon: Clooneenbaun
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Norway, Bronsespann
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Norway, Farmen
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Norway, Gloppen
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Norway, Holmegaard
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Norway, Klepp
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Norway, Oseberg 157 - Buda Bucket
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Norway, Oseberg 146
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Norway, Oseberg no.303
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Sweden Birka
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Log Buckets
England, York 8923
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England, York 8924
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Ireland, Co. Roscommon: Cloonarragh
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Denmark, Hedeby
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References
- Furniture & Storage
- 2 Stars
- Morris 2000
- Comey 2010
- Westphal 2006
- Petersen 1951
- Graham-Campbell 1980
- Williams 2014
- Roesdahl & Wilson 1992
- Grieg 1928
- Universitetsmuseenes Webportal
- Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010b
- Maixner 2010
- Hedeby Viking Museum
- Petersen 1940
- Rygh 1885
- Council of Europe 2003
- Brogger 1921
- British Museum Website
- WOV 2003
- Schietzel 2014