Buckets & Barrels
Buckets & Barrels |
---|
|
More Furniture & Storage pages
Introduction
Summary by Region
England
Ireland
A number of buckets have been found. As well as those listed on this page we are aware of:
Small Bucket C9th - Co. Antrim, Carnmoney Hill [Comey 2010]:p.8
Small turned bucket - Co. Clare, Derreen. Found inside the Derren bucket [Comey 2010]:p.8
Denmark, Hedeby
Harbour and Settlement
Besides one complete stave constructed bucket (21.8cm high, 27cm diameter) and one complete tub, 259 individual staves, handle staves and "Daubenpassstuecke" (the final, usually smaller stave, used to complete the vessel) were found. These staves would have been from buckets, barrels, tubs and shallow bowls, though most were open topped as only one stave, of 107 with a complete length, had two grooves for a bottom and a lid and was from a small barrel 54cm high. Most of them were made from imported pine and were probably made form the large (2.5m x 0.8m diam.) barrels (as seen on the Bayeux Tapestry), which were also used to line 29 of the town's wells. Oak (65, 29%) and yew (28, 13%) were also used. The staves varied in length from 8.4-88cm, with most falling between 10-30cm, the width ranging 1.7-19.5cm with most between 3-7cm. The thickness ranges from 4-27mm, with most being between 10-15mm. Most buckets were cylindrical with two handle staves opposite each other with holes in the top to take a rope or iron handle. The bottoms ranged in diameter from 10.8-55.8cm with most ranging from 10-30cm. Most bottoms were constructed from Oak (86, 75%) and were made from 2 or 3 planks dowelled together. 63 wooden hoops for fastening around the vessels were found. Most were pine (26, 31%) and yew (23, 27%) but also ash, hazel, willow, alder, fir and maple. Most (41) are semi-circular split branches, but there are also round, oval and square examples. The preserved lengths range from 6.4cm-95.3cm, and the width from 6mm-3.7cm with most between 1-2cm, the thicknesses are between 3-13mm. The ends that overlap eachother had small cuts and then were wrapped with willow bast(3), bark (2) or leather (1). Others (16) were fastened with small nails.
Graves
Metal covered buckets
Stave constructed buckets that were completely covered in decorated metal sheet were found in 3 chamber graves in Hedeby.
- Chamber grave I: male burial, 50cm diameter, 40cm high, 78.5l volume. The bucket was covered in multiple, overlapping iron sheets which were stamped with a triangle pattern. The iron sheets were originally tinned. They were held in place with triangular section iron hoops. The bucket had 4 rings for carrying.
- Chamber grave IX: unknown gender 23cm diameter, 21cm high 8.3l volume
Unusually for this type of bucket in the baltic area this one is covered in bronze sheet stamped with a triangle pattern.
- Chamber grave 2: female, 31cm diameter, 33cm high, 24.9l volume
Also, unusually, covered in bronze sheets with a stamped triangle design which were bound by 6 triangular section iron hoops.
Metal bound buckets
Stave constructed buckets which were bound with simple, narrow triangular cross section iron hoops were found in 8 graves (chamber graves V, VII, VIII, 4, 6, the boot chamber grave, graves 497, 810). They had a volume of up to 20l, except for the boot chamber grave bucket which was a bit bigger (38.5l volume). They all have a iron handle. The boot chamber grave bucket has additional decorative cross shaped fittings and is probably of carolingian origin.
Log buckets
One possible log bucket was found in chamber grave 1. Only 5 rows of iron nails remain, which might have been decorative nails on a hollowed out log bucket.
Norway
"In the Oseberg find we have quite a large brass-bound bucket, apart from 3 other buckets and fragments of 8 others. Similarly, there are 3 barrels... From the other large ship find, the Gokstad find, there are 2 buckets, 1 barrel..."
Old Denmark
For Hedeby see above.
Metal covered buckets
Stave constructed buckets covered in decorative metal bands.
- Quern (now Germany) Grave 2/1914: male, 22cm diameter. Fir or pine wood. Covered in iron sheets with a stamped triangular design and iron hoops.
- Stengade I, grave 3: male grave, 49cm diameter, 38cm, high, 71.7l volume. Covered in iron sheets. 4 iron rings.
- Rens: male. Covered in iron sheets and iron hoops, iron handle.
- Broager: male, 25cm diameter. Covered in iron sheets and iron hoops, iron handle
- Boeklund (now Germany) grave 1: female, 16cm diameter. Pine wood. Covered in iron sheets and iron hoops, and with an iron handle.
- Suederbarup (now Germany) grave IV: male, 20cm diameter. Covered in iron sheets and iron hoops.
- Thumby-Bienebek (now Germany): 5 metal covered buckets (Grave K1, K7, K37a, K51, K54). All are covered in iron sheets and with iron hoops. 3 have been determined to be made of fir.
- K1: male, covered in iron sheets
- K7: female, 29cm diameter, 27cm high, 17.8l volume. Covered in iron sheets and iron hoops. Iron handle.
- K37a: 32cm diameter, 33cm high, 25.5l volume made of fir. Covered in iron sheets and hoops. 2 rings
- K51: female, 21.4cm diameter, <23cm high, <8.3l volume, made of fir. Covered in iron sheets and hoops, iron handle.
- K54: female 27.3cm diameter, <28.5cm high, <16.7l volume, made of fir. Covered in iron sheets and hoops, iron handle.
- Longelse grave 2: male, 35cm diameter. Covered in iron sheets.
Sweden
Metal covered buckets
- Grave 561
- Grave 736
- Grave 644
- Grave 791
- Grave 624
- Grave 850
Stave buckets with wooden hoops
England, York
|
Ireland, Dublin
|
Ireland, Cloonarragh
|
Ireland,
|
Denmark, Mammen
|
Denmark, Vorbasse
|
Norway, Oseberg no.18b
|
Norway, Oseberg no.24
|
Norway, Oseberg no.86
|
Norway, Oseberg no.186
|
Norway, Oseberg no.298
|
Norway, Oseberg no.301
|
Norway, Oseberg no.302
|
Sweden, Lund
|
Buckets with iron hoops
Denmark, Hedeby
|
Buckets with copper-alloy mounts or hoops
According to Petersen most of the buckets with copper-alloy mounts or hoops appear to be insuler in origin [PETERSEN 1940] [PETERSEN 1951].
Ireland, Co. Meath: Clonard
|
Ireland, Co. Galway
|
Ireland, Co. Clare: Derren
|
Ireland, Co. Louth: River Glyde nr. Annagassan
|
Ireland, Co. Roscommon: Clooneenbaun
|
Norway, Bronsespann
|
Norway, Farmen
|
Norway, Gloppen
|
Norway, Holmegaard
|
Norway, Klepp
|
Norway, Oseberg 157 - Buda Bucket
|
Norway, Oseberg 146
|
Norway, Oseberg no.303
|
Sweden Birka
|
Log Buckets
England, York 8923
|
England, York 8924
|
Ireland, Co. Roscommon: Cloonarragh
|
Denmark, Hedeby
|
References
- Furniture & Storage
- 2 Stars
- Morris 2000
- Comey 2010
- Westphal 2006
- Petersen 1951
- Graham-Campbell 1980
- Williams 2014
- Roesdahl & Wilson 1992
- Grieg 1928
- Universitetsmuseenes Webportal
- Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010b
- Maixner 2010
- Hedeby Viking Museum
- Petersen 1940
- Rygh 1885
- Council of Europe 2003
- Brogger 1921
- British Museum Website
- WOV 2003
- Schietzel 2014