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Chests, Caskets & Boxes

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Created page with "<noinclude> {{Stars1|Category=Crafts|Limit=2}} </noinclude> Although the terms chest, casket and box are not well defined, here we have used whatever term is commonly applied..."
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{{Stars1|Category=Crafts|Limit=2}}
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Although the terms chest, casket and box are not well defined, here we have used whatever term is commonly applied to the item in the associated published literature. Petersen defines the difference between caskets and chests by stating that chests should be large, with strikingly large carrying-rings, hinges and keys. [PETERSEN 1951:p.532] Arwidsson & Thorberg class anything under 1m in length as a casket (Kasten), anything less than 25cm in diameter or length as a box (Buechse).[ARWIDSSON 1987:p.113]

==Summary by Area==

==Denmark==
In Hedeby 10 boxes were found in 9 graves, of these only 2 were male graves. The majority of caskets from Hedeby were in female chamber graves. Eisenschmidt also references to another piece of her published works where she states that metal covered caskets are known from 50-60 graves in the area of Old Denmark.[ARENTS & EISENSCHMIDT 2010a:p. 166-168]

==Sweden==

Arwidsson and Thorberg have classified the boxes from Birka into 4 groups: <br>
<b>Birka</b> [Arwidsson 1989:p.114]<br>
Group A: Metal bands and / or nails - no lock<br>
Group B: Metal bands and / or nails - with a lock<br>
Group C: Covered in metal with a lock and a domed lid<br>
Group D: Round boxs or tins made from wood or iron and covered in copper-alloy.<br>



<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Chests==
Used instead of cupboards [Roesdahl 1982]. Sometimes converted to be used as coffins.<br>

===Isle of Man, Peel - Grave IV===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave find (adult)
:Find Date- 1982-88
:Construction- Wooden chest with an iron hasp and 17 iron nails.
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:165cm W:32cm (Graham-Campbell 2002)
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90 fig.22}}
:*{{ListRef|Paterson 2014|p.67}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Scotland, Whitorn===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Nicholson 1997|p.414}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=Box - England, Whitorn (Nicholson 1997).jpg
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Forlev===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave Find
:Find Date-
:Construction- Wood with iron hinges and a lock
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:140cm W:50cm (Roesdahl 1982)
:Comments- Used as a coffin (Roesdahl 1982)
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90}}
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.114}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Fyrkat===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave Find
:Find Date-
:Construction- Wood with iron hinges and a lock
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:130-135cm W:50cm H:25-35cm (Roesdahl 1982)
:Comments- Used as a coffin. One end broken to fit the body. (Roesdahl 1982)
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90}}
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.114 fig.31}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Lejre - Grave 22b===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave Find
:Find Date-
:Construction- Wood with iron hinges and a lock. Strengthened by iron bands.
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:147cm W:37cm H:28cm (Roesdahl 1982)
:Comments- Used as a coffin. One end broken to fit the body. (Roesdahl 1982)
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90}}
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.114 fig.29}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Jelling - North Mound===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave Find
:Find Date- AD 1820. Destroyed during excavation. (Roesdahl 1982)
:Construction- Only 2 iron rings and some rivets have survived. Original description from 1820 "... the casket, which is almost rotted away, looking like a small trunk, 3¼ ells long; the bottom was calked with plaits of hair and held together with rivets. In its side was two iron rings... The lid consisted of two conves boards, with shanks of haor between them. There were traces of canvas on the outside of the casket as well as a very small piece of a narrow strip which looked like thin silver. (Roesdahl 1982)
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:200cm (Graham-Campbell 2002)
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90}}
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.114}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Halleby===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments- Used as a Toolbox
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.115}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Tjele===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments- Used as a Toolbox
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.115}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Norway, Oseberg 149===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave (Female)
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents- articles for women's work, 2 lamps, comb and scissors
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Grieg 1928|p.326-327}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Norway, Oseberg 156===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave (Female)
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents- hide, cloth and 2 combs
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Grieg 1928|p.326-327}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Norway, Oseberg 178===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave (Female)
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents- wild apples
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Grieg 1928|p.326-327}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Sweden, Mastermyr===
{{Cat|
:Type- Hoard
:Find Date-
:Construction- Oak
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments- Used as a Toolbox
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arwidsson & Berg 1983|p.7-8}}
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.115}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Caskets - Wood with metal fittings==

===England, Bishopstone no.53===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Thomas 2010|p.118}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===England, Cumwhitton - Grave 1===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave Find
:Find Date-
:Construction- Maple
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Paterson 2014|p.59-67}}
|Seen=
|Museum= Tulee House Museum
|Accession=
|i1=TH Cumwhitton Box -replica.JPG
|i2=
}}

===Isle of Man, Cronk yn How===
{{Cat|
:Type- Grave find
:Find Date-
:Construction- iron hinges and studded with iron nails. Curved lid. (Graham-Campbell 2002)
:Contents- a bead of Viking date.
:Dimensions- L:60cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 2002|p.90}}
:*{{ListRef|Wilson 2008|p.38}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Scotland, Arran: King's Cross Point===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Greig 1940|p.26}}
:*{{ListRef|Paterson 2014|p.66}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Scotland, Skye: Skeabost===
{{Cat|
:Class-
:Type- Grave find,
:Find Date- AD 1891
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Paterson 2014|p.67}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}


===Denmark, Hedeby: Chamber Grave 5===
{{Cat|
:Type- Chamber grave C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction- Wood, iron sheet with decorative nails, domed lid with a handle, 4 hinges, 3 iron hasps with copper alloy animal heads.
:Contents- knife and scissors, covered in textiles
:Dimensions- L:54cm W:30cm H:20cm
:Comments- Classed as a Birka Group C. Very similar to the casket found in Birka grave Bj.645
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen= yes
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=Hedeby_Chest.JPG
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Hedeby: Grave 45===
{{Cat|
:Type- Coffin grave, C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction- wood covered in silver plated iron bands, 2 hasps: 1 copper alloy dog and 1 silver plated horse or bird
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:60cm W:30cm H:20-23cm
:Comments- Birka group B
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen=
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Hedeby: Grave 497===
{{Cat|
:Type- C10th grave
:Find Date-
:Construction- wood with iron and copper alloy bands, hinges and a lock
:Contents- scissors, awl, tweezers, bell
:Dimensions- L:35cm W:20cm
:Comments- Birka Group B
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen=
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}


===Denmark, Hedeby: Chamber Grave 1===
{{Cat|
:Type- Chamber Grave C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction- only lock plate and lock remains
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments- Birka Group B
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen=
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Hedeby: Chamber Grave 4===
{{Cat|
:Type- Chamber Grave C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction- wood, domed lid with a handle on the lid, hinges and a lock fragment
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:20cm W:20cm
:Comments- Birka Group B
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen=
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Hedeby: Chamber Grave 2===
{{Cat|
:Type- Chamber Grave C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction- cylindrical wooden casket with an iron bottom and 240 nails in 5 rows (top row further in and pointing outwards), sliding bar lock with a dog head terminal. Copper alloy ring on the top.
:Contents- 4 chain links and a piece of brocaded tablet weave
:Dimensions- Dia:30cm H:12cm
:Comments- Birka Group D. It is possible this casket contained bowls decorated with the nails, rather than these being part of the casket, this was observed in a grave from Thumby-Bienebek. Other, less complete, Birka Group D boxes were found in the boat chamber grave and grave 497.
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a|p.166-168}}
|Seen=
|Museum= [[Hedeby Viking Museum]]
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Denmark, Hedeby: Harbour===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef||}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=Hedeby_Chest-2.JPG
|i2=
}}

===Norway, Oseberg===
*{{ListRef|Grieg 1928|p.340}}<br>
No.37<br>
No.69<br>
No.103<br>
No.104b<br>
No.169c<br>

<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Caskets - Whale-bone==

===England: Franks Casket===
{{Cat|
:Type- AD 700-750, Northumbria
:Find Date-
:Construction- Whale-bone
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:23cm W:19cm H:13cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Webster 2012|}}
|Seen=
|Museum= British Museum
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Germany - Bamberg Casket===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.115 pl.23}}
|Seen=
|Museum= Cathedral Treasury Bamberg
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Germany - Cammin Casket===
{{Cat|
:Type-
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Roesdahl 1982|p.115}}
|Seen=
|Museum= Destroyed during the 2nd World War.
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}


<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Caskets - Wood with bone-mounts==

===England, Winchester: Ludgershall Castle===
{{Cat|
:Type- C11th-12th
:Find Date-
:Construction- Only the lid survives. Bone mounts, some backed with silver sheet. Remains of two metal hinges.
:Contents- n/a
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|MacGregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999|p.1958-1959 fig.918}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===England, Bishopstone no.57===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement
:Find Date-
:Construction- Bone mount
:Contents-
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Thomas 2010|p.118}}
|Seen=
|Museum=
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===England, York: Coppergate 6964===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement mid C11th
:Find Date-
:Construction- Only the lid survives. Oak board with bone mounts.
:Contents- n/a
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|MacGregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999|p.1954-1955 cat.6964}}
:*{{ListRef|Morris 2000|p.2287 cat.6964}}
|Seen=
|Museum= Jorvik Museum
|Accession=
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===England, York: Castlegate===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement
:Find Date-
:Construction- Only the lid survives. Oak board with bone mounts, some backed with sheet bronze.
:Contents- n/a
:Dimensions-
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|MacGregor, Mainman & Rogers 1999|p.1958 fig.917}}
:*{{ListRef|Waterman 1959|p.86-87 pl.XVII}}
|Seen=
|Museum= Yorkshire Museum
|Accession= YORYM 500.1-6.48
|i1=
|i2=
}}


<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Boxes - Wood==

===Ireland, Dublin: Christchurch Place===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement Mid C10th
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:15.8cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Graham-Campbell 1980|cat.34 p.15}}
:*{{ListRef|Lang 1988|p.51 cat.DW6}}
:*{{ListRef|WOV 2003|cat.2649}}
|Seen=
|Museum= National Museum of Ireland
|Accession= E122:17155
|i1=Box - Ireland, Dublin (WOV 2649).jpg
|i2=
}}

===Ireland, Dublin: Fishamble Street===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions- L:22.2cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Lang 1988|p.8, 52 fig.10 cat.DW7}}
|Seen=
|Museum= National Museum of Ireland
|Accession= E190:7101
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Ireland, Dublin: Christchurch Place===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement
:Find Date-
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions- fragment L:7.9cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Lang 1988|p.55 cat.DW17}}
|Seen=
|Museum= National Museum of Ireland
|Accession= E122:639
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Ireland, Dublin: High Street===
{{Cat|
:Type- Settlement - unstratified
:Find Date- 1973
:Construction-
:Contents-
:Dimensions- fragment L:12.7cm
:Comments-
:Bibliography-
:*{{ListRef|Lang 1988|p.81-82 cat.DW101}}
|Seen=
|Museum= National Museum of Ireland
|Accession= E43:2341
|i1=
|i2=
}}

===Norway, Oseberg===
*{{ListRef|Grieg 1928|p.340-341}}<br>
No.56c<br>
No.60a<br>
No.104a<br>


<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Band-boxes==
Also known as "Chip boxes" or "Lath-walled boxes".<br>


== References ==
{{Ref|Arwidsson 1987}}
{{Ref|Arents & Eisenschmidt 2010a}}
{{Ref|WOV 2003}}
{{Ref|Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Grieg 1928}}
{{Ref|Petersen 1951}}
{{Ref|Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}}
http://www.unimus.no/samsok/index.php

<HarvardReferences />