Changes

Picture stones from the Isle of Man

4,494 bytes added, 12:01, 18 December 2016
{{Stars2|Category=Found in Britain}}{{Manuscripts}}
This catalogue only includes Manx crosses that contain images of people.<br>
<br>
Entries are numbered after the Manx Museum numbers designated by Kermode's in 1928 and in brackets his previous system as published in 1907 [KERMODE 1907]. The 1907 system replaced his previous catalogue entries from 1892 [KERMODE 1892].<br>
<br>
{|
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
|- valign="top" id="K5"Pre Scandinavian== |[[File:K5.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|alt=K5]]==61(50) Rushen, Calf of Man===|'''K5 Andreas V'Crucifix''
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament[[File:IOM-61ai.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=61]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.50, K.1892 No.81-Rushen III|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"leftCrucifix, representation of Sigurd roasting the heart of the dragon Fafni; above, his horse Grana and at one of the talking birds ; below, another dragon with interlacing and Sigurd side a soldier with a sword stabbing itspear."<br>"The other faceChrist is represented with head erect and eyes open, on clothed in the shaft, a robed figure"Tunicata Palmatae, probably Loki, manacled, attacked by a serpent" sleeved and reaching to the feet. The soldier with arms bare."''[KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
|-valign="top"
| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.30] [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
K81.jpg | Cumming 1857
IOM-61aii.jpg
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K6"|[[File:K6.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|alt=K6]]|'''K6 Andreas VI'''79(51) Maughold===
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament: || ''"below the cross, a robed figure seated sideways on horseback, in front of which is a band with Tendril pattern."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes: || Dated to c.940AD. "Sandulfr the Black erected this cross in memory of Arinbjôrg his wife. ..." [RunDataFile:Br Olsen;184]|IOM-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892:p.8] [CUMMING 1857:fig.9]|} <!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K7"|[[File:K779ai.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K779]]|'''K7 Andreas VII'''
{|
|- valign="top"
| SizeKnown as: || 14" x 7½" x 2¼" thickK.1907 No.51, K.1892 No.65-Maughold XVII
|- valign="top"
| OrnamentSide A: || ''"human figuresBelow the circle, beastsfigure of a man, birdsnude or in tight fitting garments, and serpentswith the limbs spread out."'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || Dated to c.940AD. "Þorvaldr raised (this) cross." [RunData:Br Olsen;185A]?
|-valign="top"
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892: Fig.4-6; p.8]|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-79a.jpg
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K22"|No Picture|'''K22 Bride II'''=80(65) Maughold===
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament[[File: IOM-80bi.jpg|thumb|x200px|left| ''alt=80]]{||- valign="to the righttop"| Known as: || K.1907 No.65, the figure of a man with a spiral device above his shoulder; below, a plaitK.1892 No.67-ofMaughold XIX|-nine, below a horse or stag (the back broken off) with figures of men, two seated and one prostrate under him; to the left of the band, the figure of a bird, below, a man by the side of which a coiled ropework serpent ; below, a small figure of a man ; below, a man with arms a-kimbo and legs outspread, the spaces between his limbs being filled with knotworkvalign="top"<br>| Side B: || ''"to the right left of this band the shaft with robed figure having peaked beard facing shaft. The lower half with figures of a Man with a Net, over his left shoulder a shaped device; below a bird stags and a stag, ornamented with interlaced work, and having a knot between its limbs,—at back and front of which is a hound; below, a square of diagonal Key-pattern ; below, two hounds with collars—the rest is broken off. To the left of the band the figure of a Bird, a Man with a spear, and a Stag; under the Stag a Man with a knife, at its back a hound"'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-80a.jpg
IOM-80b.jpg
IOM-80bii.jpg
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K25"|No Picture|'''K25 Bride V'''=96(67) Maughold===
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament[[File:IOM-96ai.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=96]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.67, K.1892 No.66-Maughold XVIII|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"a representation of the Temptation. Adam to the right and Eve to the leftfigure of a monk seated on a stool, in profilebelow, the Tree without overhanging branchesman on horseback, below, a boar and no serpentother animal."'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-96a.jpg
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K39"|No Picture|'''K39 Jurby III'''=98(72) Maughold===
{|
|- valign="top"
|[[File:IOM-98ai.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=98]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.72, K.1892 No.68-Maughold XX|- valign="top"| Ornament: || ''"To on the right a dragon scored, and man piercing him shaft the figure of Virgin with nimbus and Child; in the centre a sword—another illustration circle formed by the Step-pattern, on either side of Fafni’s Banewhich a cock. Below"<br>"The lower panel is divided by a central line, Sigurd sucking his thumb ; belowup the left side of which a procession of four animals, perhaps Deer, followed by Dogs, and irregular scroll-work ; at the right is a man on horseback—resting his enormous head on the horse's neck, twist and angular work."'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-98a.jpg
IOM-98aii.jpg
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K40"|[[File:K40.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|alt=K40]]|'''K40 Jurby IV'''95(68) Santon===
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament[[File:K84.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=K84]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.68, K.1892 No.84-Santon III|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"above the left arm of the cross a robed figure, another over the other arm is now broken off. The other face has a Twist of four cords man on the shaft, above the arms figures of men (one with a long horn or trumpet issuing Irom his mouthhorseback"'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
|-valign="top"
| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.1132] [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-95a.jpg | Side A - surviving part
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
|- valign="top" id="K41"Sigurd== |[[File:K41.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|alt=K41]]==119(93) Jurby===|''Sigurd Fafni'K41 Jurby V's Bane''
{|
|- valign="top"
| Ornament[[File:IOM-119ai.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=119|Sigurd stabbing dragon]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.93, K.1892 No.39-Jurby III|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"on To the right a Boardragon scored, below, a stag ; on the left a robed figure and man piercing him with Tridenta sword—another illustration of Fafni’s Bane. Below, Sigurd sucking his thumb ; below, figure with pole over his shoulder and a man hanging by a rope at the end of ithorse."'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
|-valign="top"
| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.7] [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-119a.jpg | Side A
IOM-119aii.jpg | Sigurd sucking thumb
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->|- valign="top" id="K47"|[[File:K47.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|alt=K47]]120(94) Melew===|'''K47 Malew I'Sigurd and the Dragon''
{|
|- valign="top"
|[[File:IOM-120ai.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=120|Side A Sigurd]]
{|
|- valign="top"
| OrnamentKnown as: || K.1907 No.94, K.1892 No.4-Malew I|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"at the right side, figure of Sigurd armed with a sword, and holding on a spit the heart of the dragon Fafni ; below, separated by a broad band, an elaborate knot; at the left, figure of a horse broken off at the neck;"'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.15] [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
K47.jpg | Cumming 1857
IOM-120a.jpg | Side A
</gallery>
<br>
<!===121(95) Andreas===''Sigurd and the Dragon, Gunnar in the Worm-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->pit'' {||- valign="top" id="K65121"|No Picture[[File:IOM-121ai.jpg|thumb|'''K65 Maughold XVII'''x200px|left|alt=121|Side A Loki]]
{|
|- valign="top"
| OrnamentKnown as: || K.1907 No.95, K.1892 No.5-Andreas V|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"Below on the circleshaft, figure of a manrobed figure, nude or in tight fitting garmentsprobably Loki, with the limbs spread outmanacled, attacked by a serpent."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Side B: || ''"left, representation of Sigurd roasting the heart of the dragon Fafni; above, his horse Grana and one of the talking birds ; below, another dragon with interlacing and Sigurd with a sword stabbing it."
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
K5.jpg | Kermode 1892
IOM-121a.jpg | Side A
IOM-121b.jpg | Side B
IOM-121bi.jpg | Side B Sigurd cooking
IOM-121bii.jpg | Side B Sigurd stabbing
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===122(96)Maughold===''Sigurd saga, Loki and the otter'' {||- valign="top" id="K66121"|No Picture[[File:IOM-122ai.jpg|thumb|'''K66 Maughold XVIII'''x200px|left|alt=122|Side A Loki]]
{|
|- valign="top"
| Known as: || K.1907 No.96, K.1892 No.69-Maughold XXI|- valign="top"| Ornament: || ''"the figure rude figures of a monk seated on a stool, below, man on horseback, below, a boar and other animalanimals on one face."'' [KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-122a.jpg | Side A
IOM-122aii.jpg | Side A horse
IOM-122b.jpg | Side B
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
 ==Mythological== ===124(97) Bride===''Thor Stone''{||- valign="top" id="K67124"|No Picture[[File:IOM-124bi.jpg|'''K67 Maughold XIX'''thumb|x200px|left|alt=B|Side B Man w. net - below cross right]]
{|
|- valign="top"
| OrnamentKnown as: || K.1907 No.97, K.1892 No.22-Bride II|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"left to the right, the figure of shaft a man with robed figure having peaked beard facing shaft. The lower half a spiral device above his shoulder; below, a plait-of-nine, below a horse or stag (the back broken off) with figures of stags men, two seated and one prostrate under him; to the left of the band, the figure of a bird, below, a man by the side of which a coiled ropework serpent ; below, a small figure of a man ; below, a man with arms a-kimbo and legs outspread, the spaces between his limbs being filled with knotwork"|- valign="top"| Side B: || ''"to the right of this band the figure of a Man with a Net, over his left shoulder a shaped device; below a bird and a stag, ornamented with interlaced work, and having a knot between its limbs,—at back and front of which is a hound; below, a square of diagonal Key-pattern ; below, two houndswith collars—the rest is broken off.To the left of the band the figure of a Bird, a Man with a spear, and a Stag; under the Stag a Man with a knife, at its back a hound"''[KERMODE 1892]
|- valign="top"
| Runes: || ?
| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-124a.jpg | Side A
IOM-124ai.jpg | Side A Man - above cross right
IOM-124aii.jpg | Side A Man - below cross right
IOM-124aiii.jpg | Side A 3 Men - bottom right
IOM-124aiv.jpg | Side A Man w. rope - below cross left
IOM-124av.jpg | Side A Man w. legs outspread - bottom left
IOM-124b.jpg | Side B
IOM-124bii.jpg | Side B Man w. spear and man w. knife - below cross left
</gallery>
<br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===125(98) Jurby===''Odin Stone''{||- valign="top" id|[[File:IOM-125aii.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=125|Man w. pole]]{||- valign="K68top"|Known as: || K.1907 No Picture.98, K.1892 No.41-Jurby V|'''K68 Maughold XX'''- valign="top"| Side A:|| ''"on the shaft the figure of Virgin with nimbus and Child; in the centre right a circle formed by the Step-patternBoar, below, a stag ; on either side of which a cock."'':''"The lower panel is divided by a central line, up the left side of which a procession of four animalsrobed figure with Trident, perhaps Deer, followed by Dogsbelow, figure with pole over his shoulder and irregular scroll-work ; at the right is a man on horseback—resting his enormous head on hanging by a rope at the horse's neck, twist and angular workend of it."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes: || ?|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.7] [KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K41.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-125a.jpg | Side AIOM-125ai.jpg | Robed figure w. trident</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===127(99) Jurby===''Heimdall and Hynla''{||- valign="top" id|[[File:IOM-127bi.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=K40]]{||- valign="K69top"|Known as: || K.1907 No Picture.99, K.1892 No.40-Jurby IV|- valign="top"| Side A: ||'''K69 Maughold XXI'"above the left arm of the cross a robed figure, another over the other arm is now broken off."''|- valign="top"| Side B:|| ''"rude figures The other face has a Twist of man and animals four cords on the shaft, above the arms figures of men (one face.with a long horn or trumpet issuing from his mouth)"'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes: || Dated to 950-1000AD "... ... his son and raised(?) another ... in memory of Þorb-..." [RunData:Br Olsen;200B ]|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.11] [KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K40.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-127ai.jpg | Side A Man w. trumpetIOM-127b.jpg | Side B</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===126(100) Michael===''Odin in Valhalla''{||- valign="top" id="K73"|[[File:K73IOM-126aiv.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K73126|Side A right]]{|'''K73 |- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.100, K.1892 No.74-Michael III'''IV|- valign="top"| Ornament:|| ''" The space to at the left top, figure of the shaft contains a stag attacked by a houndman with nimbus, belowthis have been three other figures of men—one upside down—with beaks like birds, a robed figureand below, the left hand raised, the right resting a boar"<br>"on his sword ; that to the right has immediately below the circle an animal like other side is a lamb, belowboar followed by a hound, a harper in tightbird-fitting garments playing on his harp of four strings ; headed man with bare knees, armed with sword and spear, below, a long robed figure standing with left hand extendedfish."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes:Bibliography|| ?|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.283][KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K74.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-126a.jpg | Side A IOM-126ai.jpg | Side A top leftIOM-126aii.jpg | Side A middle leftIOM-126aiii.jpg | Side A bottom leftIOM-126b.jpg | Side B</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===129(101) Michael===''Hraesvelgr''{||- valign="top" id="K74"|[[File:K74IOM-129ai.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K74147]]{|'''K74 |- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.101, K.1892 No.76-Michael IV'''VI|- valign="top"| Ornament:|| ''"at the top, right a kilted figure of attacked by an eagle."<br>" The other face in the centre, a man figure with nimbus, below this have been fringed and bearing three other figures small incised crosses, having the arms outspread as if in the act of men—one upside down—with beaks like birdsblessing, and below, a boar"'':''"the feet five large pellets; above the circle on the other side is left the figure of a boar followed by cock on a hound, a birdbranch showing the loop-headed man with bare knees, armed with sword and spear, below, pattern; to the right a winged figure beneath which is a fishTriquetra."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes:Bibliography|| ?|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.38][KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K76.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-129a.jpg | Side A IOM-129aii.jpg | Side A top rightIOM-129b.jpg | Side BIOM-129bi.jpg | Side B top right</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->===128(102) Andreas===''Odin and the Fenris Wolf{||- valign="top" id="K75K7"|[[File:K75IOM-128bi.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K75128]]{|'''K75 Michael V''':''|- valign=" on the left side stags and hounds at their backs, at the right a man on horseback followed by a spare horsetop"| Known as: || K. Below the cross are two dragon-like figures1907 No. Below102, a stag with a hound at its backK. 1892 No.7-Andreas VII|- valign="top"| Size: || 14" x 7½" x 2¼" thick|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''human figure, bird and wolf''|- valign="top"| Side B:|| ''human figure, serpent''|- valign=" The other face has, above the cross, the figure of a stag followed by a houndtop"| Runes: || Dated to c. On the back of the stag a small bird pursued by a falcon940AD. To the left of shaft a man "Þorvaldr raised (beardedthis) on horseback, below, figures of animals ; on the right are figures of animalscross. "''[RunData:Br Olsen;185A]:''|-valign="On one edge is a Cock. The other edge bears the Inscription, and at the top the figure of a warrior, with round shield and spear. "'' | Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892: Fig.4-6; p.8]:Bibliography|}|}<gallery>K7.jpg | Kermode 1892IOM-[CUMMING 1857:fig128a.13]jpg | Side AIOM-128b.jpg | Side BIOM-128ai.jpg</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
|- valign="top" id="K76"|[[File:K76.jpg|thumb|180x250px|left|altFigure Subjects==K76]]|'''K76 Michael VI''':''"at the right a kilted figure attacked by an eagle."'':''" The other face in the centre, a figure with nimbus fringed and bearing three small incised crosses, having the arms outspread as if in the act of blessing, below the feet five large pellets; above the circle on the left the figure of a cock on a branch showing the loop-pattern; to the right a winged figure beneath which is a Triquetra. "'' [KERMODE 1892]:Bibliography-[CUMMING 1857:fig.8]
<!-- -------------------------------------------------------------------===131(103) Andreas==={||-valign="top" id="131"|[[File:IOM-131bi.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=131]]{||-valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.103, K.1892 No.6-Andreas VI|-valign="top"| Side A: || '' ''|-valign="top"| Side B: || ''"below the cross, a robed figure seated sideways on horseback, in front of which is a band with Tendril pattern."'' [KERMODE 1892] |-valign="top"| Runes: || Dated to c.940AD. "Sandulfr the Black erected this cross in memory of Arinbjôrg his wife. ..." [RunData:Br Olsen;184]|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [KERMODE 1892:p.8] [CUMMING 1857:fig.9]|}|}<gallery>K6.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-131ai.jpg | Side A detailIOM-131b.jpg | Side B</gallery><br> ===130(104) Michael==={||-valign="top"|[[File:IOM-130aiii.jpg|thumb|x200px|left|alt=132|Side A right bottom]]{||-valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.104, K.1892 No.73 Michael III|-valign="top"| Side A: || ''" The space to the left of the shaft contains a stag attacked by a hound, below, a robed figure, the left hand raised, the right resting on his sword ; that to the right has immediately below the circle an animal like a lamb, below, a harper in tight-fitting garments playing on his harp of four strings ; below, a long robed figure standing with left hand extended."'' [KERMODE 1892]|-valign="top"| Runes: || ?|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.28] [KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K73.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM- 130a.jpg | Side AIOM-130ai.jpg | Side A leftIOM-130aii.jpg | Side A right top</gallery><br> ===132(105) Michael==={||- valign="top" id="K81"|[[File:K81IOM-132aii.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K81132|Side A right]]{||- valign="top"| Known as: || K.1907 No.105, K.1892 No.75 Michael V|- valign="top"| Side A: ||'''K81 Rushen III'"above the cross, the figure of a stag followed by a hound. On the back of the stag a small bird pursued by a falcon. To the left of shaft a man (bearded) on horseback, below, figures of animals ; on the right are figures of animals. "''[KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Side B:|| ''"Crucifixon the left side stags and hounds at their backs, at one side the right a soldier man on horseback followed by a spare horse. Below the cross are two dragon-like figures. Below, a stag with speara hound at its back. Christ "''[KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"On one edge is represented with head erect and eyes open, clothed in a Cock. The other edge bears the "Tunicata PalmataeInscription," sleeved and reaching to at the feet. The soldier top the figure of a warrior, with arms bareround shield and spear."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes:Bibliography|| ?|-valign="top"| Bibliography: || [CUMMING 1857:fig.3013][KERMODE 1892]|}|}<gallery>K75.jpg | Cumming 1857IOM-132a.jpg | Side AIOM-132ai.jpg | Side A leftIOM-132aiii.jpg | Side A topIOM-132b.jpg | Side BIOM-132bi.jpg | Side B right</gallery><br>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
==Scripture Subjects=====147(116) Bride==={||- valign="top" id="K84"|[[File:K84IOM-147ai.jpg|thumb|180x250pxx200px|left|alt=K84147|from a mould]]{|'''K84 Santon III''' |- valign="top"| Known as:|| K.1907 No.116, K.1892 No.25-Bride V|- valign="top"| Side A: || ''"a man on horsebackrepresentation of the Temptation. Adam to the right and Eve to the left, in profile, the Tree without overhanging branches, and no serpent."'' [KERMODE 1892]|- valign="top"| Runes:Bibliography|| ?|-[CUMMING 1857valign="top"| Bibliography:fig.32|| [KERMODE 1892]
|}
|}
<gallery>
IOM-147a.jpg | Original
</gallery>
<br>
==References==<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<nocite>==References==CUMMING1857{{Ref|Cubbon 1983}}KERMODE1892{{Ref|Cumming 1857}}</nocite>{{Ref|Kermode 1892}}<biblio force=false>#[[Template:Bib]]</biblio>{{Ref|Kermode 1994}}{{Ref|Wilson 2008}}
<HarvardReferences />
Scandinavian Runic-text Database [[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm RunData]]
[[Category:Made in BritainCarvings]]