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{{Swords}}
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== Introduction ==
This article is about metal fittings that were probably attached to [[Sword Scabbards]]. Peter Paulsen comprehensibly covered the subject of Viking sword scabbard chapes in 1953 in his book Schwertortbänder der Wikingerzeit [PAULSEN 1953].More recently Androshchuk has published an updated typology and catalogue of 174 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014]<br>This article is primarily concerned with Scandinavian and Western European Chape styles. Paulsen discuss a number of Eastern European styles that we have not included here.<br>
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== English Styles ==
*England
**Ashwell, Hertfordshire C9th. Tree of life design. (Letchworth Museum 1978.77) [https://northhertsmuseum.org/north-hertfordshire-museum/collections/object-details/547918/ North Hertfordshire Museum][http://www.dayofarchaeology.com/letchworth-museum-stories/ dayofarchaeology.com]] Note: We cannot verify this find in any other source.
**Castor, Peterborough [CAMERON 2000:p.194 fig.258]
**Lincolnshire. Anglo-Scandinavian [HAMMOND 2010:p.80 fig.1.8.4-d]
== Borre Style 1 ==
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'''Paulsen's Type I.1'''<br>
''''Chape Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Scandinavian Group'''' 'Valleberga' type<br>Paulsen lists a total of 17 12 finds of this group [PAULSEN 1953:pp.17-21]<br>
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*Denmark
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1,2; p.272]'':*Hald, Ørslevkloster [PAULSEN 1953:no.1; p.18] [PEDERSEN 2014B:cat.200 p.87, pl.28.5a] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.1; p.272]:*Bjergene, Ballerup (National Museum of Denmark NMD C34512) [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2; p.272] [WILLIAMS 2014:p.107 fig.50, p.268]:*Hareskovby, Sjaelland. Bronze. [WOV 2003:pcat.1118]??? Not sure why this is not in Androshchuk? Mislabelled?
*Norway
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.2,3; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.5,6; p.272]'':**NorwayRörvik. (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T1503) [[:File:R516.jpg|R516]]. [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=T1503 www.unimus.no T1503] [RYGH 1885:R516][GRIEG 1947:no.5; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.3; p.18]:*Kvalnes (Nationalmuseet, Oslo T2094) [GRIEG 1947:no.4; p.32] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18]
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 1 find [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4; p.272]'':**Hafurbjarnarstodum, IcelandTannstadabakka. [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [WOV 2003:cat.7097] *Germany:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953:no.12; p.709118] ; Androshchuk lists 1 find [HAYEUR SMITH 2003ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.272]'':*Hedeby. [PAULSEN 1953:no.12; p.18] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.3; p.168272]
*Sweden
:''Paulsen lists 7 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.5-11; p.18]; Androshchuk lists 8 finds [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.7-14; p.272]'':**Peppinge, Valleberga, Skane. Bronze. [PAULSEN 1953:no.5; p.18] [WOV 2003:p.1170]|Discusssion}}
=== Borre Style 2b ===
<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">
Gdynia-Oksywie Chape.jpg|''Poland, Gdynia-Oksywie''
</gallery>
'''Andrshchuk Type ? (Appendix Type 7)'''<br>
Androshchuk dates this type to the c.1050-early 12th century [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-118]<br>
Androshchuk lists a total of 6 finds of this group [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:p.275]<br>
''NOTE: The chapes listed under Type 7 on page 275 bears no resemblance to the description of Type 7 as being "Urnes" on page 118.
Androshchuk Type 7 description uses Paulsen's fig.184 [PAULSEN 1953:p.126] which Paulsen describes as "Gotland Runestone Animal Style." which contains 12 finds. It appears that there may be an error in Androshchuk regarding this type. For our purposes we're defining Andrshchuk Type 7 as listed on page 275.''<br>
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'''Paulsen's Type II.1'''<br>
''''Chapes with Germanic four-footed quadruped motif - Scandinavian group of the 10th century''''<br>
Paulsen breaks the total of 19 finds of this group into 2 sub groups: [PAULSEN 1953:pp.35-44]<br>
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*England
*Norway
*Iceland
:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953:no.4,5; p.38]; Androshchuk lists 2 finds of type 6a [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8,6a-9; p.273-274]'':**HafurbjarnastadirHafurbjarnarstodum. Gilded copper-alloy found with Petersen type S sword. 900AD – 975AD AD 900–975 [GRIEG 1947:pl.XXVI.1] [PAULSEN 1953:no.4; p.18] [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.559 p.168] [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.273]**Kirkjubolsdal [HAYEUR SMITH WOV 2003:cat.7091] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-8; p.167273]*:*Vestfirdir [HAYEUR SMITH 2003:no.3048 p.146][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6a-9; p.274]
*Finland
:**Mäntsälä, Saari. Copper-alloy [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.275] [WOV 2003:cat.2808] [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.4 p.275]*:*Satakunta. [ROESDAHL & WILSON 1992:217][ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.2 p.276]<br>
'''Paulsen's Andrshchuk Type II.2 6b'Chapes with Germanic four-footed motif - Swedish group of the 10th century''<br>''''Two intertwined beasts in Jelling Style ''''<br>Paulsen lists a total of 9 finds of Androshchuk dates this grouptype to c. 950-1000 [PAULSEN 1953ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.3515-44121]<br>
<br>
;Archaeology
*Sweden:''Paulsen lists 5 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Finland:''Paulsen lists 1 find [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* *Russia:''Paulsen lists 2 finds [PAULSEN 1953]; Androshchuk lists ? finds of type 6b [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:no.6b-10; p.275]'':* ==Bird (Falcon) Style==Otherwise known as the 'Birka Bird'. Dated from late C9th to early C11th although at its most popular in the first half of the C10th. Hedenstierna Jonson identifies 67 finds spread mainly in Eastern Europe from Sweden to Byzantium [HEDENSTIERNA-JONSON 2006B:p.] === Bird (Falcon) Style 1===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">Arb.5 7.jpg|''Norway''L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|''France, L'lle de Groix''</gallery> '''Paulsen's Type I.22a & I.2b'''<br>''''Chape Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Swedish-Warägische Varangian Group''''<br>Paulsen breaks the total of 32 finds of this group groups these into 4 sub groups: with a total of 9 finds [PAULSEN 1953:pp.22-34]<br>
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*France
**[[:File:L'lle de Groix Sword Scabbard Chape.jpg|L'Ile de Groix]]. [CHATELLIER & PONTOIS 1908] [BJORN & SHETELIG 1940] [GRIEG 1947: pl.XXVI.10] [WOV 2003:cat.5894] *Norway:*Maele, Gjerstad [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=B6983 B6983] [GRIEG 1947;no.3 p.32]:*Hedmark [http://www.unimus.no/foto/#/search?q=C31395b C31395b]
*Sweden
**Birka. <br> === Bird (Falcon) Style 2===<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;"> </gallery> '''Paulsen's Type I.2c & I.2d'''<br>''''Chapes with Germanic Bird Motif - Swedish-Varangian Group''''<br>Paulsen breaks this group into 2 sub groups with a total of 23 finds [PAULSEN 1953:pp.22-34]<br><br> '''Andrshchuk Type 3b'''<br>''''bird''''<br>Androshchuk dates this type to the 10th century. [ANDROSHCHUK 2014:pp.15-121]<br><br> ;Archaeology*Sweden**Astad, Öland. Eastern Influence 850AD – 950AD [GRAHAM-CAMPBELL 1980:cat.442] [WOV 2003:cat.1909]
**Birka.
*Poland
**Wolin [WOV 2003:cat.986, 4555]
*Ukraine
**Kiev [WOV 2003:cat.4269]
== Eastern Style ==<gallery heights=170px mode="Packed" style="text-align: left;">Hedeby Sword Chape Eastern.JPG|''Germany, Hedeby'' </gallery> ;Archaeology*Germany:*Hedeby (Hedeby Viking Museum). Considered to be Eastern and was found in the harbour.[SCHIETZEL 2014:p.578] <!-- ==Eastern Styles==
<gallery>
File:Rucavas Lejas Chape.jpg|Janowski type V (Birds)
File:Gotland Chape.jpg|Janowski type VI (Gotland - Tree of Life)
</gallery>
<br> -->
== See Also ==
== References ==
{{Ref|Book=Androshchuk 2014}}
{{Ref|Book=Arbman 1940}}
{{Ref|Bjorn & Shetelig 1940}}
{{Ref|Book=Cameron 2000}}
{{Ref|Chatellier & Pontois 1908}}
{{Ref|Book=Edwards 1998}}
{{Ref|Book=Graham-Campbell 1980}}
{{Ref|Book=Grieg 1947}}
{{Ref|Book=Hammond 2010}}
{{Ref|Book=Hayeur Smith 2003}}
{{Ref|Book=Hedenstierna-Jonson 2002}}
{{Ref|Book=Hedenstierna-Jonson 2006B}}
{{Ref|Book=Janowski 2006}}
{{Ref|Book=Mills 2001}}
{{Ref|Book=Paulsen 1953}}
{{Ref|Book=Pedersen 2014b}}
{{Ref|Book=Roesdahl 1981}}
{{Ref|Book=Roesdahl & Wilson 1992}}
{{Ref|Book=Rygh 1885}}
{{Ref|Book=Schietzel 2014}}{{Ref|Book=Williams 2014}}{{Ref|Book=Wilson 1965& Klindt-Jensen 1966}}
{{Ref|Book=WOV 2003}}
{{Ref|Book=Von Carnap-Bornheim 2008}}
<HarvardReferences />
[[Category:Weapons]]