Changes

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"The Northman on the Loire made their way on foot to Poitiers without meeting any resistance, burned the civitas and returned to their ships unscathed. But Robert slew more than 500 of these Northman based on the Loire, without losing any of his own men, and sent to Charles the '''standards ''' and weapons captured from the Northmen." [NELSON 1991:p.127]

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"On the 7th October the emperor, having already given his squadrons their orders, got up during the night, and raising the '''standards''', tried to launch a surprise attack on his nephew and those with him,..." [NELSON 1991:p.196]

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Pippin's duces defeated Charles's army on June 7. In this battle fell Hugh the Abbot, Charles material uncle, Abbot Rihboto, Hrabanus the '''standard-bearer''', with many others of the nobility.[REUTER 1992:p.22]

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"The shouts of the Christians rose to heaven, and the pagans after their fashion shouted no less; terrible '''battle-standards ''' moved through the camps. Swords were drawn on both sides, and the armies clashed like iron on stone." [REUTER 1992:p.122]<br>

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"In that battle two of their kings were killed, that is Sigifrid and Godafrid, and '''sixteen royal standards ''' were carried off and were sent to Bavaria as a witness." [REUTER 1992:p.123]

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"As dawn came the King heard mass and then ranged his army around to storm the town. He himself remained at the top of the hill with his '''battle-standard ''' to give assistance to those attacking the wall." [REUTER 1992:p.126]

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">"High o'er his head they hoist the '''standard''',<br>

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">So he would not be detained, but set out from London, leading his men forward armed for the fight, till he erected his '''standard and fixed his gonfanon ''' right where THE ABBEY OF THE BATTLE is now built. There he said he would defend himself against whoever should seek him. p.143

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">“The duke called a serving man, and ordered him to bring forth the gonfanon which the pope had sent him; and he who bore it having unfolded it, the duke took it, reared it, and called to Raol de Conches; "Bear my '''gonfanon'''," said he, "for I would not but do you right; by right and by ancestry your line are '''standard bearers ''' of Normandy, and very good knights have they all been." "Many thanks to you," said Raol, "for acknowledging our right; but by my faith, the gonfanon shall not this day be borne by me. To-day I claim quittance of the service, for I would serve you in other guise. I will go with you into the battle, and will fight the English as long as life shall last, and know that my hand will be worth any twenty of such men."

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Then the duke turned another way, and called to him Galtier Giffart. "Do thou take this gonfanon," said he, "and bear it in the battle." But Galtier Giffart answered, "Sire, for God's mercy look at my white and bald head; my strength has fallen away, and my breath become shorter. The '''standard ''' should be borne by one who can endure long labour; I shall be in the battle, and you have not any man who will serve you more truly; I will strike with my sword till it shall be died in your enemies' blood."

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">The right of the men of London is to guard the king's body, to place themselves around him, and to guard his '''standard'''; and they were accordingly placed by the '''standard''', to watch and defend it.

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">When Harold had made all ready, and given his orders, he came into the midst of the English, and dismounted by the side of the '''standard''', Leofwin and Gurth, his brothers, were with him; and around him he had barons enough, as he stood by his gonfanon, which was in truth a noble one, sparkling with gold and precious stones. After the victory William sent it to the apostle, to prove and commemorate his great conquest and glory” [TAYLOR 1837:p.177]

<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Then his brother Gurth drew near, and they placed themselves by the '''standard'''; each praying God to protect them. p.184

:The Normans drew their swords and hewed down the barricades, and the English in great trouble fell back upon their '''standard''', where were collected the maimed and wounded. p.235

:<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">Robert Fitz Erneis[55] fixed his lance, took his[Pg 240] shield, and galloping towards the '''standard ''' with his keen-edged sword, struck an Englishman who was in front, killed him, and then drawing back his sword, attacked many others, and pushed straight for the '''standard''', trying to beat it down; but the English surrounded it, and killed him with their bills. He was found on the spot, when they afterwards[Pg 241] sought for him, dead, and lying at the '''standard's ''' foot.p.240

Duke William pressed close upon the English with his lance; striving hard to reach the '''standard ''' with the great troop he led; and seeking earnestly for Harold, on whose acconnt the whole war was. p.249

And now the Normans had pressed on so far, that at last they reached the '''standard[3]'''. There Harold had remained, defending himself to the utmost; but he was sorely wounded in his eye by the arrow, and suffered grievous pain from the blow. An armed man came in the throng of the battle, and struck him on the ventaille of his helmet, and beat him to the ground; and as he sought to recover himself, a knight beat him down again, striking him on the thick of his thigh, down to the bone.p.252

The '''standard ''' was beaten down, the golden gonfanon was taken, and Harold and the best of his friends were slain; but there was so much eagerness, and throng of so many around, seeking to kill him, that I know not who it was that slew him. <br>The English were in great trouble at having lost their king, and at the duke's having conquered and beat down the '''standard'''; but they still fought on, and defended themselves long, and in fact till the day drew to a close. Then it clearly appeared to all that the '''standard ''' was lost, and the news had spread throughout the army that Harold, for certain,[Pg 255] was dead; and all saw that there was no longer any hope, so they left the field, and those fled who could p.254

Then he returned thanks to God, and in his pride ordered his gonfanon to be brought and set up on high, where the English '''standard ''' had stood; and that was the signal of his having conquered, and beaten down the '''standard'''. And he ordered his tent to be raised on the spot among the dead, and had his meat brought thither, and his supper prepared there. p.256

::<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">The people of Viken were very friendly to Erling and King Magnus, principally from the popularity of the late King Inge Haraldson; for the Viken people had always served under hisbanner. [LAING 1907]

::<span style="font-style: italic; color: green">We have a good battle-field. Let them cross the bridge; but as soon as the banner comes over it let us then rush down the hill upon them, and none desert hisneighbour." [LAING 1907]